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the very late appearance of the subst. Aussatz, in contrast to the early OHG. ûȥsâzeo, ‘leper,’ there is no doubt that Aussatz is a recent formation, like Ärger from ärgern. The Goth. word for leprosy is þrutsfill. Auster, f., ‘oyster,’ ModHG. only, from earlier ModHG. ûster, from Du. oester, which, with the equiv. AS. ôstre, E. oyster, Fr. huitre, Ital. ostrica, is based upon Lat. ostrea, ostreum, Gr. ὄστρεον, ‘oyster, mussel.’ ausweiden, see Weide and Eingeweide. auswendig, see wenden. außen, adv., ‘outside, out of doors, without,’ from MidHG. ûȥen, OHG. ûȥana, ûȥân, adv., prep., ‘out of doors, outside, out, without’; corresponding to AS. ûton, adv., ‘from without,’ Goth. ûtana, adv., |
prep., ‘from without, outside, out’; from OTeut. ût. See aus.
außer, adv. and prep., ‘except, unless, apart from, without,’ from MidHG. ûȥer, OHG. ûȥar, prep., ‘out — here’; corresponds to OSax. ûlar. Axt, f. (with a dental added as in Hüfte, Habicht, and Obſt, &c.), from the equiv. MidHG. ackes (late MidHG. axt), f., OHG. acchus (plur. acchussi), f., ‘axe.’ It corresponds to OSax. accus, Du. aaks (from akes), AS. œx (from *œcces), E. ax, axe, OIc. öx, Goth. aqizi, f., ‘axe.’ The Teut. word is based upon Aryan agésî, or rather agzî (aksî); comp. the prim. cognate Gr. ἀξίνη, ‘axe,’ with which perhaps the equiv. Lat. ascia, in case it stands for ac-scia, is connected. Lat. acies, ‘sharpness,’ and Gr. ἀκή, ‘point,’ as well as Sans. açri, ‘edge’ (see Ähre, Ecke), are not allied to Axt. |
B.
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baar, adj., from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. bar (nom. MidHG. barer, barwer, OHG. barêr), adj., ‘naked, bare, denuded, free, empty.’ It corresponds to OSax. bar, AS. bœr, E. bare, OIc. berr, ‘naked, bare'; Goth. *baza- is wanting. The r of the non-Goth. dialects is an old s (not r) as is proved by the affinity to OSlov. bosŭ, Lith. basas, ‘bare-footed,’ which, as well as the Teut. adjs., point to an Aryan bhosó-s, ‘denuded’ (with regard to the antiquity of this idea see nackt). Comp. also Armen. bok, ‘naked,’ which is based upon bhosko-; besides, E. bald (MidE. balled) points to a Goth. participle *bazlôþs (AS. *bœllod). Perhaps entbehren is also connected with the root bhes. Comp. further barſch. Baas, m., ‘master,’ a LG. word; comp. Du. baas; orig. perhaps it was a term of endearment used in addressing superiors (comp. Amme, Muhme, Bube, Buhle). It is undoubtedly connected with Baſe, ‘aunt on the father's side,’ because Baſe, Baas — Bäſel, are also titles given by domestics to their mistress. Yet it is astonishing that the area of diffusion of Baas, m. (LG.), and Baſe, f. (MidG. and UpG.), is different. Perhaps ‘paternal’ was the root idea of both words. babbeln, see pappeln. |
Bach, m. (MidLG. and LG., fem.), from the equiv. MidHG. bach (plur. bęche), m. (MidG. fem.), OHG. bah, m., ‘brook.’ Comp. OSax. bęki, MidLG. beke, Du. beek; a corresponding Goth. *baki-, m., is wanting; beside which the equiv. AS. becc, and OIc. bekkr (whence E. beck), m., presuppose a Goth. *bakki-. No Aryan root bhag- with a meaning applicable here can be found; both HG. backen and Gr. πηγή), ‘source,’ are scarcely allied to it, though Sans. bhañga, ‘breach, wave’ (see Bruch) may be so. Bachbunge, f., ‘speedwell, brooklime' (Veronica beccabunga), from MidHG. bungo, OHG. bunge, ‘bulb'; allied to OIc. bingr, ‘bolster,’ and more remotely with Sans. bahú, ‘dense,’ Gr. παχύς?. Bache, f., ‘wild sow,’ from MidHG. bache, OHG. bahho, m., ‘ham, (flitch of) bacon' (Swiss and Bav. bachen); similarly the corresponding MidLat. baco and MidDu. bake mean ‘ham, pork,’ and ‘pig.’ Comp. Prov., OFr., and E. bacon, borrowed from Germ. The Teut. root bak contained in these cognates is further allied to the cognates of ModHG. Backe. Bachstelze f., ‘water-wagtail,’ formed from the equiv. MidHG. waȥȥerstelze, OHG. waȥȥerstelza; the second part of the compound is connected with Stelze. This term is only HG.; comp. with it Du. kwikstaart, |
