Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/40

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displaced), ‘to be great, strong'; also OIr. bolgaim, ‘I swell,’ Ir. bolg, Gall.-Lat. bulga, ‘bag.’ It is also possible that HG. Balg is cognate with Lat. follis (from *folvis, *folgvis). Comp. further Bulge.

balgen, vb., lit. ‘to talk angrily, quarrel,’ then ‘to cudgel’; derived from the verbal root belg, ‘to swell out,’ discussed under Balg; comp. OHG. bëlgan, MidHG. bëlgen, meaning ‘to be angry.’

Balken. m., ‘beam, baulk, loft,’ from the equiv. MidHG. balke, OHG. balcho, m.; comp. AS. balca, E. baulk, Du. balk, ‘baulk'; in Scand. beside the corresponding bálkr, ‘fence, boundary-line,’ there occurs with a different gradation bijálk-, ‘baulk' (Goth. *bilka), in AS. likewise bolca, ‘gangway’ (Goth. *bulka). From Teut. balkon, Fr. balcon and Ital. balco are derived. The Aryan form of the root is bhalg, hence Gr. (φάλαγξ, φάλαγγ-ος, ‘oval piece of wood, trunk of a tree,’ has been compared with it, but the nasal of the second syllable renders the comparison dubious.

Ball, (1.) m., ‘challenge (of hounds),’ belongs to the stem of bellen.

Ball (2.), m.. ‘ball,’ from the equiv. MHG. bal (gen. balles) or balle, ballen, m. OHG. ballo, m., balla, f.; AS. *bealla is wanting; E. ball (MidE. balle) is borrowed from the Rom. word Fr. balle, which was obtained from German. OIc. bǫllr, ‘ball,’ presupposes Goth. *ballus. The root bal- appears also with a further gradation in Bolle (in Bolster too?); comp. further Bellen.

Ball (3.), m., ‘dancing entertainment,’ from Fr. bal, ‘ball’; OFr. baller, ‘to dance,’ and its Rom. cognates have been derived from Gr. βαλλίξω, ‘I dance.’

Ballaſt, m., ‘ballast,’ like other maritime expressions, from LG.; comp. Du. ballast, E. ballast. In MidHG. simply last, ‘ballast,’ whence the equiv. Fr. lest is derived. The first component of the compound is obscure; it is scarcely of Irish origin (Kelt. bal, ‘sand’), nor is it likely to be identical with OIc. bâra, ‘sea.’ On account of Dan. baglest, ‘ballast.’ the least improbable derivation is from bak, ‘back,’ discussed under Backe (1.). Ballaſt might perhaps be ‘load behind or in the rear.’

Ballei, f., ‘jurisdiction,’ from MidLat. ballia, formed from Fr. bailli, bailif, ‘steward’ (MidLat. ballîvus, E. bailiff), which is formed from Lat. bajulus, with the suffix -îvus.

Ballen, m., ‘bale, pack,’ identical with

Ball, which, as MidHG. alle and OHG. ballo show, was formerly a weak masc.; in connection with the difference of form arose a difference of meaning; orig. sense ‘round bundle of paper,’ then ‘a certain quantity of rolled or packed paper.’ E. bale and Du. baal are borrowed from Fr. balle (also ballon), which was again obtained from Germ.

ballen, vb. ‘to clench (the fist),’ from MidHG. ballen, ‘to form into a ball.’

ballhorniſieren, vb., verballhornen, ‘to make worse by altering’; derived from Ballhorn, a publisher in Lübeck (1531-1599), who in his ‘enlarged and improved' editions of an ABC book was always making fresh mistakes in his ‘emendations.’

Balſam, m., ‘balm, balsam,’ from the equiv. MidHG. balsame, balsem, m , OHG. balsamo, m.; Goth. balsan, with a very remarkable deviation; comp. Arab. balasân. The Germ. word is derived from Gr.-Lat. balsamum (βάλσαμον), whence also Fr. baume (E. balm), Ital. balsamo.

Balz, m., ‘pairing time (of birds),’ from MidHG. balze (besides ralz), m.; of obscure origin.

bammeln, also bambeln, vb., ‘to dangle,’ first recorded in ModHG., hence it may be an onomatopoetic word collateral with bimmeln, bemmeln, ‘to tinkle.’

Band (1.), m., ‘volume,’ orig. identical with the following word.

Band (2.), n., ‘band, ribbon,’ from binden; MidHG. bant, plur. bender (and bant), n., OHG. bant, plur. bentir (and bant). Comp. OSax. band, Du. band, m., OIc. band; Goth. by another derivation bandi (whence AS. bend, E. bend, as well as a later band derived from Fr. bande). See the preceding and the following word.

Bande, f., ‘cushion,’ in Billardbande, from Fr. bande; similarly derived in the sense of ‘crew.’ The Rom. word — Fr. bande (Ital. banda), ‘band, strip, gang, troop,’ is derived from OHG. bant, Goth. bandi.

bändigen, vb., ‘to restrain, tame,’ from bändig, ordinarily only in the compound unbändig; MidHG. bendec, ‘tightly bound, fettered,’ hence bändigen, ‘to put in fetters.’

bange, adj. and adv., ‘anxious(ly), uneasy, uneasily,’ from MidHG. and MidLG. bange, adv., ‘anxiously,’ and subst. ‘anxiety, care.’ The root is ange, which further appears in Angſt; as enge is the corresponding adj., bange can only be based on the MidHG. adv. ange, OHG. ango, the adv. afterwards becoming an adj. The b