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Ban

( 19 )

Bar

has arisen from the unaccented prefix be (bî), as g in glauben, grade, from ge. See barmherzig, bleiben.

Bangert, m., ‘orchard,’ for bân-, bâmgart, MidHG. boumgarte; comp. Baum and Garten.

Bank, f., ‘bank, bench, reef,’ from the equiv. MidHG. banc, plur. bęnke, OHG. banch, plur. bęnchi, m., f.; comp. AS. bęnc, f., E. bench, OIc. bekkr. Besides the stem banki- (from pre-Teut. bhangi-), Teut. possessed others which are recorded in words borrowed by Romance; comp. Ital. banco, banca, panca, Fr. banc, banque, &c. See the following words.

Bankert, earlier Bankart, Bankhart, m., ‘bastard, bantling,’ from MidHG. banchart, m., ‘illegitimate child,’ lit. ‘a child begotten upon the bench’; a compound of Bank. The second part is -hart, appearing in proper names as Gebhart, Reinhart, and is formed by assimilation to Bastard (older Bastart, also written Baſthart).

Bankett, n., ‘banquet,’ borrowed before the middle of the 16th cent. from Fr. banquet, which (with Fr. banc, Ital. banco, ‘table’) was perhaps derived from the German stem of Bank.

Bann, m., ‘ban, outlawry, decree,’ from MidHG. and OHG. ban (nn), m., ‘order under threat of punishment, prohibition; jurisdiction and its sphere.’ It corresponds to AS. bann, E. ban, and belongs to an obsolete str. vb. bannan, of which the primary meaning was ‘to order or forbid under threat of punishment.’ The root is supposed to be ba, pre-Teut. bha-; nn was perhaps a suffix (comp. rinnen), and properly belonged only to the pres. of the str. vb., but was afterwards joined to the verbal stem. To this pre-Teut. bha- belongs, in accordance with the permutation of consonants, Gr. φα in φά-σκω, φη-μί and Lat. fa in fari; the Teut. meaning must then have been very definitely specialised. From the Teut. word the Rom. cognate Fr. ban, ‘public proclamation’ (OFr. arban, ‘arrière ban’), is derived.

Banner, m., ‘banner, militia,’ from MidHG. baner, more usual banier, baniere, f., from Fr. bannière, which has been derived from the stem of Goth. bandwa, bandwô, ‘sign.’ Comp. MidLat. bandum in Paul the Deacon, ‘vexillum quod bandum appellant. See Panier.

Banse, f., ‘space in a barn near the threshing-floor,’ from MidG. and LG.; the

word is wanting in MidHG. and OHG. From *bans- arose AS. bôs. E. dial. boose (boosy, ‘cattle-trough’), and OIc. bâss, ‘cow-house.’ The Goth. has bansts, f., ‘barn,’ in which the stem has been increased by the deriv. -ti-.

-bar, adj. suffix which is derived from a complete adj., properly bäre, MidHG. bœre, OHG. bâri; it means lit. ‘bearing,’ comp. fruchtbar, laſtbar, also dankbar; later on, when it became a suffix, it assumed the present meaning. The older adj. is a verbal form of the str. vb. bëran (see under Bahre), Teut. root ber (Aryan bher), ‘to bear, carry.’ In AS. too -bœ̂re appears, e.g. in wœstmbœ̂re, ‘fertile,’ leóhtbœ̂re, ‘Lucifer.’

Bär (1.), m., ‘(paving) beetle,’ from MidHG. bęrn, ‘to strike, beat,’ whence also MidHG. bęr, f., ‘blow, stroke.’ OHG. bęrjan, Goth. *barjan, agrees by the permutation of consonants with Lat. ferio, ‘I strike,’ as well as OBulg. borją, ‘I fight’ (OIc. berjask, ‘to fight’); it is based on the root bher, ‘to strike.’

Bär (2.), m., ‘bear.’ The Lat. name of the animal (ursus) descends from the pre-Aryan period, just as Gr. ἄρκτος and Ind. ṛkša-s (ursus for *urcsus). It is remarkable that the Teutons have abandoned this old Aryan term for ‘bear’ (ṛksós, Teut. orhsa-s), since they have retained other names of animals. In MidHG. we have bër, OHG. bëro, AS. bëra, E. bear, björn, ‘bear’ (Goth. *baíra). The Teut. beron- is a subst. form based upon an Aryan adj. bhero-, equiv. to Lith. bėras, ‘brown’ (Lat. furvus?), from the root of which, bher and ModHG. Biber, braun, may also be derived; in using the adj. as a subst. the Aryan ṛksos is understood. Note that Braun is the name of the bear in the OG. animal fables.

Bär (3.), m., ‘brood-boar,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. bêr, m., which, with OSax. bêr-swîn, AS. bâr, E. boar, points to Goth. *baira-.

Barbe, f., ‘barbel,’ from MidHG. barbe, f., OHG. barbo, m., which is based upon the equiv. Lat. barbus. The fish derived its name from barba, ‘beard,’ on account of its beard-like appendages; from the Lat. word comes Fr. barbeau (from MidLat. barbellus), whence E. barbel, as well as barb; comp. also Ital. barbio, ‘barbel.’

Barbier, m., ‘barber,’ early ModHG. only, borrowed from Fr. barbier (MidLat. barbarius, ‘barber’).