Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/42

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Barch, m., ‘castrated hog,’ from MidHG. barc (barges), OHG. barug and barh; comp. AS. bearh, bearg, E. barrow, Du. barg, berg, OIc. bǫrgr; Goth. *bargws (*burgus). No evidence of a pre-Teut. stem bhargh, bhark, for ‘hog, can be adduced from other languages. Lat. verres and Sans. varâha-s, ‘boar,’ cannot be allied to it, any more than Lat. porcus, which belongs to Ferkel. It is more probable that Russ. borov (primit. Slav. *borovŭ) is a cognate.

Barchent, m., ‘fustian,’ from MidHG. barchant, barchât, barchet, m., formed from MidLat. bercânus, ‘cloth from camels' hair’; derived, like Berkan, from Arab. barrakân, ‘coarse stuff.’

Barett, n., ‘skull-cap, hood,’ adopted in the 15th cent. from Fr. barrette, MidLat. birrétta, a deriv. from Lat. birrus, birrum, ‘cloak, pallium.’

Barke, f., ‘barque, boat,’ from the equiv. MidHG. barke, f.; corresponds to Scand. barke, ‘barque’; not of Germ. origin. The cognates are based upon an equiv. Rom. class with the primit. forms barca-barica (found even in the 7th cent. in Isidore); comp. Fr. barque (besides OFr. barge, from MidLat. barica; whence E. barge, LG. Barſe), Ital. barca; OIr. barc is of similar origin. The ultimate source of the cognates (Spain?) is uncertain.

Bärlapp, m., ‘club-moss’; orig. sense ‘bear's paw’; comp. the Lat.-Gr. term lycopodium formed from it; allied to OHG. lappo, lit. ‘palm of the hand.’

Bärme, f., ‘yeast,’ borrowed from the equiv. LG. barme, m., which corresponds to AS. beorma and E. barm. Lat. fermentum (if it does not belong to formus, Gr. θερμός, ‘warm’) is perhaps akin to it. Teut. b, Lat. f, are Aryan bh.

barmherzig, adj., ‘compassionate,’ from the equiv. MidHG. barmherzic; related to ModHG. and MidHG. erbarmen, OHG. barmên. This stem has been connected with a Teut. word barm, ‘bosom’ (E. barm, from AS. bearm, Goth. barms, OHG. and OLG. barm, MidHG. barm, m.); hence erbarmen means lit. ‘to cherish in one‘s bosom, press to one‘s heart.’ Perhaps the equiv. Goth. arman, ‘to move to pity,’ and armaiô, ‘compassion,’ stand in a similar relation to Arm, the lit. meaning of the verb being ‘to take in one‘s arms, cherish.’ Others, however, are of opinion that erbarmen contains a b derived from bi (like bange, derived from bi-ange), so that it would be more akin

to Goth. arman. But in that case either a secondary meaning, ‘misericors,’ in addition to ‘miser,’ must be assumed for Teut. arm, for which there is no support; or we must regard it as an imitation of a Lat.-Christ. term, Goth. arman, from arms, like Lat. misereri, from miser; indeed OHG. armherzi, ‘misericors,’ and irbarmherzida (Goth. armahaírtiþa), ‘misericordia,’ render it certain that Christianity coined the words to express a Lat.-Christ. idea; comp. Demut, Gnade, &c.

Barn, m., ‘crib, hayrack above the crib,’ from the equiv. MidHG. barn, m., OHG. barno, m.; AS. bern, E. barn, is equiv. to Germ. Scheuer. The Germ. and Eng. words are not, perhaps, identical, but only of a cognate stem; the stem of the Eng. word is bar-, which appears in Goth. *baris, ‘barley,’ AS. bere, E. barley, and is cognate with Lat. far, farris, ‘spelt,’ OBulg. bŭrŭ, ‘a species of millet’; AS. bern is explained from bere-ern, ‘barley-house.’

Baron, m., ‘Baron,’ not from the equiv. MidHG. barûn, but from the Fr. and MidL Rhen. form baron, which is found in the 16th cent.; MidLat. baro, baronis, is by some based on Kelt. bar, ‘man,’ and by others on AS. beorn or on OHG. baro, ‘man, vassal.’

Barre, f., Barren, m., ‘bar, ingot,’ from MidHG. barre, f., ‘bolt, railing,’ which comes from Fr. barre.

Barsch, m., ‘perch,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bars, m.; there is also a deriv. form MidHG. and OHG. bersich; comp. the corresponding Du. baars, AS. bœrs, bears, E. dial. barse (bass); allied to the compounds Sw. abborre, Dan. aborre (rr from rs), with the same meaning. The cognates cannot have been borrowed from the equiv. Lat. perca; they are more akin to the Teut. root bars (bors) in Borſte, Bürſte, signifying ‘to be bristly.’

barsch, adj., ‘rough, rude,’ a modern word, appearing also in Du. (barsch) and Sw. (barsk), but foreign to the UpG. dialects. It is not found in OTeut. In Swiss dialects the term is baröösch (with the accent on the second syllable), in which perhaps the base of barſch is preserved; Ital. brusco (Fr. brusque) may be connected with it. In Swiss occurs also barš in the phrase barš gâ, ‘to go alone’; it also means ‘without a hat, a coat.’ Both significations point to its deriv. from bar. Yet barſch may have originated in the Teut. root bars, ‘to be