Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 5.djvu/758

744 her 10. He defeats the Austrians at Lowositz, October 1. Capitul ation of Saxon army, October 15. William Pitt (Chatham) secretary of state, December. Militia Bill passed in England, December. Burke s Inquiry into the Origin of our Ideas on the Sub lime and Beautiful published. Birth of William Godwin (died, 1836). Birth of Mozart (died, 1791). 1757. Calcutta retaken by the English, January 2. Treaty between Great Britain and Prussia against France and Austria, January 11. Chandernagore taken by English, March 14. Admiral Byng shot, March 14. The French enter Westphalia, the Prussians Bohemia, April. Pitt dismissed from office, April. Battle of Reichenberg, April 24. Battle of Prague ; Marshals Browne and Schwerin killed, May 6. Russians invade Prussia, June. Pitt secretary of state again, with powers of prime minister, June. Battle of Plassy, victory of Clive over the Subahdar, June 23. Hesse- Cassel occupied by French, July. Verden and Bremen occupied by French, August, Minden taken by the French, August 3. Mus- tapha III. sultan, October 29. Order of Maria Theresa founded. Lacaille s Funda/menta Astronomies published. Carbonic acid de scribed by Black. Birth of Lafayette (died, 1834). Birth of Sir Samuel llomilly (died, 1818). Birth of Volney (died, 1820). Birth of Baron von Stein (died, 1831). Birth of William Blake (died, 1827). 1758. Prussia overrun by Russians, January. Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick drives the French from Hanover, &c., February-March, and takes Minden. March 14. Subsidy treaty between Great Britain and Prussia, April 11, Clement XIII. pope, July 6. Arcot taken by the French, October 4. Battle of Hochkirchen, Daun defeats Frederick II., October 14. French besiege Madras, Decem ber 11-February 19, 1759. New treaty of alliance between France and Austria, December 30. Dollond s achromatic object-glass in vented. Annual Register begun by Dodsley. Swedenborg s New Jerusalem published. Birth of Nelson. 1759. Surat taken by the English, March 2. Treaty between Russia and Sweden for neutrality of the Baltic, March 9. Battle of Minden, August 1. Charles III. king of Spain, August 10. Ad miral Boscawen defeats French fleet in Bay of Lagos, August 18. Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal, September 3. Dresden taken by Imperialists, September 5. Battle of Quebec ; deaths of Montcalm and Wolfe, September 13. Admiral Hawke defeats Marshal Con- flans in Quiberon Bay, November 20. Marshal Daun captures General Finck and his army at Maxen, November 21. Return of Halley s comet. Births of Person, Wilberforce, Pitt, Robespierre, Danton, Schiller, Burns. Death of Maupertuis (born, 1697). Rasselas and first part of Tristram Shandy published. 1760. Capture of Arcot by the English, February 9. Battles of Landshut, June 23 ; Corbach, July 10 ; Liegnitz, August 16. Eng lish conquest of Canada completed, September 8. Berlin occupied by Russians, October 9-12. George III. king of Great Britain, October 25. Battle of Torgau, Daun defeated, November 3. Eddy- stone lighthouse completed by Smeaton. Macphersoii s Ossian published, 1760-63. Birth of Saint-Simon (died, 1825). 1761. Pondieherry taken by Coote, January 14. Dominica taken by the English, June 6. "Family Compact" between the kings of France and Spain, August 15. Marriage of George III., Septem ber 8. Resignation of Pitt, October 5. Colberg taken by Russians, December 16. Bridgewater Canal completed by Brindley. Transit of Venus. Death of William Law (born, 1686). 1762. England declares war on Spain, January 2. Peter III. emperor of Russia, January 5. Martinique taken by the English, February 4. Frederick II. concludes peace with Russia, May 5. Earl of Bute prime minister of England, May 29. Portugal invaded by Spaniards, May. Peace of Hamburg between Frederick II. and Sweden, May 22. Peter III. deposed, and succeeded by Catherine II., July 9; put to death, July 19. Havana taken by earl of Albemarle, August 13. The Spaniards driven out of Portugal, autumn. Hyder All rajah of Mysore. Rousseau s Contrat Social and Emile published. Death of Anson (born, 1697). Births of Fichte, Cobbett, and William Carey. 1763. Peace of Paris, between Great Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal, February 10. Peace of Hubertsburg, between Austria, Prussia, and Saxony, February 15 ; end of the Seven Years War. George Grenville first lord of the treasury, April 8. Arrest of John Wilkes, April 30. Latent heat discovered by Black, 1759-63. Birth of Jean Paul Richter (died, 1825). 1764. Wilkes expelled the House of Commons, January 19. Alliance between Russia and Prussia, April 11. Ivan VI. murdered, July 6. Stanislas Poniatowski elected king of Poland, September 7. Jesuit Order suppressed in France by Louis XV., November 26. Byron s voyage round the world begun. Lardner s Testimonies to the Truth oftJie Chris .ian Religion published. Death of Hogarth (born, 1697). 1765. Stamp Act passed by British parliament, March 22. Opposition to it begun by Virginia, May. Lord Clive governor and commander-in-chief at Calcutta, May. Rockingham administration formed, July 10. Joseph II. emperor, August 18. Lady Hunting don s Connexion founded. Blackstone s Commentaries published. [1757-1776. 1766. Death of the Chevalier de St George (the old Pretender), January 2. Christian VII. king of Denmark, January 14. Ameri can Stamp Act "epealed, March 18. Second Pitt administration, August 2. Wir between Hyder Ali and the Nizam of the Deccan ; alliance of the English with the Nizam, November. Expedition of Wallis and Carteret to the South Seas. Bougainville s voyage round the world begun. Lessing s Laocoon published. Goldsmith s Vicar of Wakefield. Births of Madame de Stael, Dalton, W. H. Wol- laston, and Malthus. 1767. Expulsion of Jesuits from Spain, March 31. Corsica given up by Genoa to France, May 15. Alliance of Hyder Ali and the Nizam against the English, September. Otaheite discovered by Wallis and Carteret. Nautical Almanac first published. Births of W. von Humboldt, A. W. Schlegel, and Maria Edgeworth. 1768. Wilkes elected M.P. for Middlesex, March ; riot caused by his imprisonment, May 10. General Gage arrives with British troops at Boston, September 26. Lord Chatham resigns privy seal, October 15. War between Russia and Turkey, October. Jesuits expelled from Naples, Parma, and Malta. Cook s first voyage round the world, 1768-71. The Royal Academy of Arts, London, founded. Death of Nathaniel Lardner (born, 1684). Births of Schleier- macher, Chateaubriand, and General Hoche. 1769. The Letters of " Junius " begin to appear, January. Hyder Ali ravages the Carnatic, January. Wilkes again expelled the Commons, February 2 ; re-elected for Middlesex, February 16. Hyder Ali compels the English to enter into alliance with him, and to restore their conquests, April. Clement XIV. pope, May 19. Occupation of Corsica by the French, May. Shakespeare Jubilee at Stratford-on-Avon, September 6-8. Moldavia and Wallachia occupied by Russia, September. Watt s first patent for steam-engine. Robertson s History of Charles V. published. Births of Napoleon I., Wellington, Alexander von Humboldt, Marshal Ney, Cuvier, Lord Castlereagh, Brunei (the elder), Sir Thomas Lawrence, Mehemet Ali, Sir John Malcolm, and M.de Bourrienne. 1770. Resignation of Grafton ; Lord North s administration formed, January 28. The " Boston Massacre," March 5. The French East India Company dissolved by Louis XV., April 8. Act for repeal of certain colonial duties passed, April 12. Liberation of Wilkes, April 17. Marriage of the Dauphin Louis with Marie Antoinette, May 16. Trial of Woodfall, printer oi Junius, June 13. Austrians enter Poland, about midsummer. Turkish fleet defeated by Russians off Chios, July 5, and burnt in Chesmeh Bay, July 7. General RomanzofF defeats the Turks on the Kaghul, August 1. Prussian troops enter Poland, autumn. New South Wales dis covered by Cook. Goldsmith s Deserted Village published. Death of Chatterton (born, 1752). Births of Wordsworth, Hegel, John Foster, George Canning, and Thorwaldsen. 1771. Parliament of Paris exiled by Louis XV., January 19. Gustavus III. king of Sweden, February 13. Shah Alum II. enters Delhi, December. The Crimea seized by Russians. Death of Smollett (born, 1721). Births of Sydney Smith, Lingard, Sir Walter Scott, James Montgomery, Archduke Charles, and Murat. First edition of Encyclopedia Britannica published. 1772. AVarren Hastings governor of Bengal, April 13. Treaty of St Petersburg for partition of Poland between Austria, Russia, and Prussia, August 5. New constitution established in Sweden, August 21. Cook s second voyage round the world, 1772-74. Royal Marriage Act passed. Death of Swedenborg (born, 1688). Births of Novalis, S. T. Coleridge, Fourier, and D. Ricardo. 1773. Ahmed IV. sultan, January 21. Ali Bey defeated and captured by Murad Bey, April. 13 ; assassinated a few days later. Constitution of East India Company changed, June. Society of Jesus suppressed by Clement XIV., July 31. Diet of Poland con cludes cession with the partitioning powers, September 18. Rohilcund ravaged by Mahrattas. Agitation in Boston, Mass., against the tea tax, December 16. Births of Jeffrey, F. Schlegel, Sisrnondi, and Thomas Young. 1774. AVarren Hastings first governor-general of India, January. Abdul Hamid sultan, January 21. Boston Port Bill passed, March, General Gage appointed governor of Massachusetts, April 2. Louis XVI. king of France, May 10. General Court of Massachusetts, closed, June 17. Treaty of Kutchuk Kainardji, between Russia and Turkey, July 21. Congress opens at Philadelphia, September 5 ; closes October 26. Death of Pope Clement XIV., September 22. Parliaments of France re-established by Louis XVI., November 12. New Caledonia discovered by Cook. Oxygen discovered by Priestley and by Scheele. Chesterfield s Letters published. Goethe s Leiden desjungcn Wertlier. The WolfenbuttelscJic Frag- mente. Births of Southey and Mezzofanti. 1775. Pius VI. pope, February 14. Battle of Lexington, Massa chusetts, April 19. Famine riots at Versailles, May. Washington commander-in-chief of continental army, June 5. Battle of Bunker Hill, June 17. Boston invested by Washington, July 2. Montreal taken by General Montgomery, November 12. Code of Catherine II. published. Lavater s Physiognomy. Births of Charles Lamb, Turner, Jane Austen, and O Connell.

1776. Evacuation of Boston by the English, March 17. Canada