Harbinger, in which he expounded and advocated his peculiar views. The new sect prevails chiefly in the western states, and its chief peculiarities seem to be a renunciation of all creeds, and some original doctrine respecting the millennium. In 1850, according to a very careful estimate made for the Baptist Almanac, the sect numbered nearly 2000 churches, 848 ministers, and over 118,000 communicants.—F. B.
CAMPBELL, Sir Alexander, a distinguished British officer, born in Perthshire in 1759. He was sent to India in 1793 with the 74th regiment, and served there for fourteen years, rising in 1802 to the command of the northern division of the Madras army, and being appointed, when Sir Arthur Wellesley left the East, to succeed him in the command of Seringapatam, Mysore, and all Tippoo's dominions. He next served in the peninsular war, winning special distinction as the leader of the right wing of the British army at the battle of Talavera, where he was severely wounded. He was made a baronet in 1815. In 1820 he was appointed commander-in-chief at Madras, and died at Fort St. George in 1824.—J. B.
CAMPBELL, Archibald, a Scottish prelate, a descendant of the Argyll family, was consecrated in 1711, and in 1721 elected by the clergy of Aberdeen to be their bishop. Along with Bishop Gadderar, he represented his brethren in Scotland in the negotiations entered into at that period, for the union of the Greek church in Turkey and Russia with the nonjuring episcopalians of England and Scotland. These negotiations were broken off by the death of the czar, Peter. Bishop Campbell died in London, having a considerable time before his death resigned his office at Aberdeen.—J. B.
CAMPBELL, Sir Archibald, Bart., G.C.B., &c., a meritorious and most distinguished British officer, descended from the Campbells of Glenlyon. The military profession having been almost hereditary in his family, he entered the army in 1787. The following year he embarked for India, where he remained till 1801, and was actively employed in the Mysore, and against Tippoo Sultan. In 1808 he embarked for Portugal, and served with great distinction both under Sir John Moore and Wellington; and was present at nearly all the great battles and sieges in the Peninsula. After the downfall of Napoleon, Sir Archibald was appointed by the prince regent of Portugal to the command of a division of his army, with the rank of major-general. He returned home in 1820, and soon after sailed for India as colonel of the 38th regiment. At this juncture war broke out with the Burmese, and Sir Archibald, on his arrival in India, was appointed to the command of the expedition against Rangoon, the principal seaport of Burmah. He anchored off that place on the 10th of May, 1823, and captured it in twenty minutes after the landing of his troops. The enemy assembled an army of nearly 60,000 men, with 300 pieces of cannon, while the British troops did not exceed 6000. A series of engagements followed, in every one of which the Burmese were defeated with great slaughter, and ultimately compelled to make peace on terms dictated by the British. Sir Archibald was rewarded for his brilliant and important services with the thanks of the governor-general and of the two houses of the British parliament, along with a pension of £1000 per annum. He returned to England in 1829, and in 1831 he was created a baronet, and appointed lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, an office which he held for ten years. In 1839 he was offered and accepted the appointment of commander-in-chief in Bombay, but was soon after compelled by ill health to resign the office. He died at Edinburgh in 1843.—Sir John Campbell, his son, born in 1807, was also a general in the British army, and fell at the siege of Sebastopol, 18th June, 1855, in the unsuccessful attack on the Redan. His loss was deeply deplored, and his kindness and courtesy, not less than his brilliant courage, endear his memory to all who knew him.—J. T.
CAMPBELL, Colonel Arthur, born in Augusta county, Virginia, in 1742; died in Knox county, Kentucky, in 1815. When only fifteen years old he was captured by the Indians, and carried into the wilderness near the great northern lakes, where he was protected by a chief who adopted him as a son. He staid with them three years, during which time he learned their language, joined in their excursions, and adopted their habits. Then he made his escape; and after travelling several hundred miles through the forests, obliged to make long circuits to avoid the Indian encampments, he reached the outposts of the English army, and thence regained his home. In the war of the revolution he took the popular side, attained the rank of colonel, and saw considerable service. He also had a seat in the Virginia assembly, and assisted in forming the constitution of that state.—F. B.
CAMPBELL, Colin, an architect, a native of Scotland, who published between 1715 and 1725 a series of architectural designs named "Vitruvius Britannicus." Two supplementary volumes were published in 1767 and 1771 by Gandon and Woolfe. Mr. Campbell was surveyor of the works at Greenwich hospital, and died about 1734.—J. B.
CAMPBELL, Sir Colin. See Clyde.
CAMPBELL, George, D.D., one of the most distinguished theologians of Scotland, was born at Aberdeen in December, 1719. He received his education at the grammar school in that town, and afterwards attended the literary classes in its university. The profession which he originally chose, or which was chosen for him, was that of the law; and he was regularly articled to a clerk or writer to the signet in Edinburgh. Before the expiry of his apprenticeship, however, he had formed the resolution of quitting the law for the church, and with that view resumed his attendance on the classes necessary to prepare him for being licensed as a preacher during the continuance of his legal engagements. In the year 1746 he received license at Aberdeen, and two years afterwards was appointed to the charge of Banchory-Ternan, a country parish upon the Dee, about twenty miles above Aberdeen. He remained there eight years, quietly prosecuting his studies and discharging his pastoral labours. It was during that period, and about the year 1750, as we learn from his own prefaces, that two of the works by which he subsequently became most favourably known were begun—his "Philosophy of Rhetoric," and his "Translation of the Gospels." In 1757 he was promoted to one of the city charges in Aberdeen; and in 1759 he was made principal of Marischa college. In 1760 he preached a sermon before the synod of Aberdeen, in which he vigorously grappled with the well-known argument of Hume against miracles. He was requested by the synod to publish the discourse; but he wisely preferred throwing it into the form of a treatise, which afforded greater scope for doing justice to the subject. The manuscript in this form was transmitted to Dr. Blair, for the purpose of being submitted to Mr. Hume; and it appeared before the public in 1763, with the letter written by Hume on its perusal. This was Dr. Campbell's first publication, and it has always been regarded as one of his best. In 1771 Dr. Campbell was appointed to the chair of divinity and church history in Marischal college, and on accepting this appointment he resigned his parochial charge. In 1777 he published a sermon preached before the Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge, on the "Success of the first Publishers of the Gospel, considered as a proof of its Truth." The argument for christianity on this ground has, perhaps, never been within a short compass more clearly and happily put. Several other productions of a smaller kind proceeded at intervals from his pen, which it is unnecessary to specify here. In 1776 he published his "Philosophy of Rhetoric," a work which fully sustained his reputation, and which is characterized by Archbishop Whately, in the introduction to his treatise on rhetoric, as the most important that had been produced on the subject in modern times, for "depth of thought and ingenious original research, as also for practical utility to the student." His largest, and in various respects his greatest work, was his "New Translation of the Gospels," accompanied by preliminary dissertations on the language and more peculiar phrases of the New Testament, and with critical notes on the portion translated. It made its appearance in 1778. In many important respects the work on the gospels is far superior to any production of the period, and is still deserving of careful perusal. Dr. Campbell lost his wife in 1792, and his own death took place in 1796. They died without issue. His lectures on church history, and those also on divinity and the composition of discourses, were published after his death. A uniform edition of Dr. Campbells works has been published by Tegg & Co., London, in six 8vo. vols.—P. F.
CAMPBELL, George W., born in Scotland about 1768; graduated at Princeton college in America in 1794. At one period he was judge of the United States district court in Tennessee. From 1803 to 1809 he was a representative in congress from the same state; and during the last two years of this term he held the important post of chairman of the
