who had formerly been his lieutenant, the latter, in spite of the Welsers, laid claim to the vacant office. The contests which ensued about this matter, broke, it is said, the brave heart of the old voyager.—R. M., A.
FEDOR. See Feodor.
* FÉE, Antoine Laurent Apollinaire, a celebrated French botanist, was born at Ardennes on the 7th of November, 1789. He devoted attention to pharmacy, and during the Spanish war he was employed in the military hospitals. At the same time he prosecuted botanical studies, and during the campaign was able to examine the Spanish flora. He settled afterwards as a pharmaceutist in Paris, and made great efforts to raise the character of his profession. In 1819 he founded the Pharmaceutical Society of the Department of the Seine. He subsequently entered the army again, and in 1828 was named chief apothecary. He lectured on pharmacy in the military hospitals of Lille and Strasburg. At this time he took the degree of doctor of medicine, and was chosen professor of natural history in the university of Strasburg. A laborious and intelligent botanist, he has published a great number of valuable works, among which may be noted the following—"An Eloge of Pliny;" "Plants mentioned by Virgil;" "Memoirs on Ferns, Lichens, and other Cryptogamic Plants;" "A Monograph of the Genus Cinchona, and of the Lichens found on the bark of those trees;" "Conversations on Botany;" "Description of the species of Senna and their Adulterations;" "Life of Linnæus;" "Account of the Botanic Garden of Strasburg, and a catalogue of the plants in it;" besides numerous botanical and pharmaceutical monographs and memoirs in the Transactions of societies.—J. H. B.
FEIJOO. See Feyjoo.
FEIN, Edward, brother of Georg, a German jurist, born in Brunswick in 1813; died in 1857. He studied in the university of his native town and at Heidelberg, and in 1833 commenced practice as a lawyer. He was eminently successful in his profession; but preferring its honours to its gains, he renounced practice, and accepted a professorship at Heidelberg. He afterwards held in succession a chair at Zurich, Jena, Weimar, Halle, and Tübingen. His lectures were equally remarkable for learning and elegance. He left a continuation of the analytical explanation of the Pandects, commenced by Gluck.—J. S., G.
* FEIN, Georg, an indefatigable revolutionist, was born at Helmstedt. 8th June, 1803; studied at Brunswick, particularly devoting himself to history and political economy; and after travelling extensively in Germany, became editor of the Deutsche Tribune, published at Munich. In this capacity he was allowed only a short residence in Bavaria, and Hesse and Hanau followed the example of expulsion. From that time until 1848, when he withdrew from political life, and settled in Switzerland to devote himself to literature, he had the police continually on his track, and at every new discovery of his connection with the secret societies of Germany, was obliged to change the place of his abode. He has been a refugee in France, England, Norway, Italy, and America.—J. S., G.
FEITAMA, Sibrand, born at Amsterdam in 1694; died in 1758. He was educated for the church, but was diverted from this pursuit by a fondness for literature. He is known chiefly by translations from the French dramatists.—J. A., D.
FEITH, Everard (in Latin, Feithius), born at Elburg in 1597. Feith was of a respectable family, many of whom were intrusted with high public employments. He passed his early life in study and travel. His knowledge of the Greek language and Greek antiquities was said to be unrivalled. A cloud hangs over the close of his life. He was last seen at La Rochelle. It was said that he accepted an invitation to the house of a citizen of the town, that he was observed entering the house, and that he was never afterwards seen. His "Antiquitates Homericæ" was highly esteemed.—J. A., D.
FEITH, Rhynvis, a Dutch writer, born at Zwolle in 1753; died in 1824. He studied law at Leyden, but abandoned it for literature; was burgomaster, and exercised some respectable civil offices at Zwolle; became member of several academies in the Low Countries, and was awarded medals for odes and essays. The sentimental was the order of the day when his first works appeared, and he fell into the popular style. One of his poems, "The Grave," was translated into German, and several of them were translated into French. He wrote also a series of letters in verse on the philosophy of Kant.—J. A., D.
FEIZ-ALLAH-EFFENDI, Seyyid, a Turkish mufti and author, born at Erzeroom, and beheaded at Andrianople in 1703. He had the good fortune to be appointed tutor to the sultan's two sons, Achmet and Mustapha, and in this way acquired immense power in the government of the kingdom. But his shameless nepotism soon raised a storm of indignation against him, and he was at last ignominiously sacrificed by the sultan, for the purpose of appeasing the people. He obtained the title of Schahid, or martyr, after his death. Feiz-Allah wrote "Counsels to Sovereigns," and a few other books.—R. M., A.
FEIZI or FEYAZI, the poetical name of Abu-l-Feiz-Hindi, a Persian author, born at Agra in India in 1547; died in 1595. The Emperor Akbar, to whom his brother Abu-l-Fazl was minister, invited him to his court in 1568, and bestowed on him the title of Melik As-schoara, King of poets. He also loaded him with honours, and intrusted him with the education of his sons. Feizi was a diligent student, and wrote many works in prose and verse. In some of his writings, however, he offended the more zealous Mahometans by his liberal sentiments respecting the religions of the brahmins and ghebirs. But he enjoyed, nevertheless, considerable reputation as a miscellaneous writer.—R. M., A.
FEJER, György, a Hungarian author, born at Keszthely in 1766, studied at the university of Pesth and Buda, of which he became librarian in 1824. In the interval between the termination of his studies, and the date of this appointment, he was for some time engaged in the duties of the priesthood, and afterwards in those of a professor of theology. During this period he was incessantly busy with his pen on all sorts of subjects; and in 1830, the catalogue of his works, which he himself published, comprised the titles of one hundred and two, written either in Latin or Hungarian, and varying in size from that of a pamphlet to works of half a dozen volumes. He was the original editor of the Tudomamyos Gyüjtemeny, the chief magazine and review published in Hungary. His great work is his "Codex diplomaticus Hungariæ ecclesiasticus ac civilis," published in 1829-1844 in twelve immense volumes. This stupendous work is a collection of charters and other documents relating to Hungarian history from the earliest times down to the year 1440. It is presumed that he is dead, as he is not mentioned in Vapereau.—J. S., G.
* FELDMANN, Leopold, a German comic dramatist, was born of a Jewish family at Munich in 1803. Bred to the mercantile profession, he travelled for several years in the East, and then settled at Vienna, where since 1850 he has been connected with the national theatre. His comedies in 6 vols., though successful on the stage, are of no literary merit.—K. E.
FELETZ, Charles-Marie Dorimond, Abbé de, was born in 1767; died in 1850. Dorimond was educated at the college de Sainte Barbe, and entered into holy orders. He was of a family of the old noblesse, and opposed with zeal the revolutionary doctrines of his day. He refused all the oaths tendered to ecclesiastics, and till the re-establishment of religion in the consulate suffered repeated imprisonment, and had numberless escapes. In 1801 he returned to Paris, and, in conjunction with Geoffroy and Dessault, the Abbé de Feletz edited the Journal des Debats. His passion was classical literature, and for many years he warred with the Romanticists in this journal. In 1809 he was appointed conservateur of the bibliotheque Mazarine, and in 1812 obtained some office in connection with the library of the university, of which he was deprived in the Hundred Days; but he was replaced on the return of Louis XVIII. in 1816, and was given a pension for his services to literature. In 1827 the Abbé de Feletz was elected member of the Academy, of which he was soon appointed directeur. His election as member was opposed on the ground of his not having written any work of length. The exceeding tact with which he was able, at a moment's notice, to supply the kind of speeches required on public occasions, made the Academy feel the great value of his very peculiar talent. He had to pronounce funeral orations and complimentary addresses in his character of directeur of the Academy, an office which he resigned when his political feelings were shocked by the revolution which placed Louis Philippe on the throne.—J. A., D.
FELIBIEN, André, born at Chartres in 1619; died in 1695. He studied at Paris, and went to Rome in the suite of the marquis de Mareuil, the French ambassador. In 1647, finding among the manuscripts of the library of Cardinal Barberini Agatio di Somma's life of Pius V., he translated it into French. Poussin admired him, and they became intimate
