year 1378; and at the age of twelve became page in the household of Sir Henry Percy, eldest son of the earl of Northumberland. With Sir Henry, the celebrated Hotspur, Hardyng served at Homildon, Cocklawe, and Shrewsbury, where his patron fell. He then entered the service of Sir Robert Umfravile; and when Sir Robert, for his important participation with Henry IV. in the defeat of the earl of Northumberland and Lord Bardolph in 1406, received at the royal hands the castle of Warkworth, Hardyng's zeal and ability were rewarded with the constableship. Hardyng's next occupation was one fraught with extreme personal peril. During the minority of Edward III., the usurper Mortimer had given up to Robert Bruce the greater part of the homages done by the Scottish nobility and parliament to the English crown. The house of Lancaster since its accession to power had been unceasingly aiming at the recovery of these documents by one means or the other; and in the early part of the reign of Henry V., probably in 1413 or in 1414, Hardyng was sent to Scotland on this delicate and hazardous business. He seems to have devoted three years and a half to the search; for some of the writings of which he was in quest he found it necessary to pay a high figure; others were acquired almost at the risk of his life. In his "Chronicle" he tells us that the king of Scots offered him as much as 1000 marks for a few of the deeds which he had contrived to collect for Henry; but he was incorruptible. In 1415 Hardyng, now deservedly high in royal favour, accompanied his sovereign to Harfleur, and wrote a journal of the march of the English army to Agincourt. The sudden death of Henry V. at Bois de Vincennes unfortunately put an end for some time to Hardyng's reasonable prospect of advancement; and for several years we hear nothing of his doings. At Rome he certainly was in the year 1424, poring over the pages of Trogus Pompeius. He soon returned, however, to his old haunts and his old employment, though with what success we do not exactly learn. Sir Robert Umfravile died in 1436, and in 1437 Henry VI. granted to Hardyng by letters patent £10 a year for life out of the manor or alien-preceptory of Wyloughton, county Lincoln, promised to him by the preceding monarch. Whatever archives Hardyng managed to collect in Scotland, he appears to have retained in his own possession for many years after the acquisition; for, on the 12th November, 1457, some of these papers were still unsurrendered to Lord-treasurer Talbot; and under the same date occurs a writ of privy seal directed to Lord-chancellor Waynflete to make out letters patent, granting to John Hardyng a life-pension of £20 a year. This second allowance was possibly conditional upon the delivery to the earl of Shrewsbury of all deeds in his hands up to that time relative to the Scottish homages. Hardyng was living in 1465; and as he was then eighty-seven, his death can scarcely be placed later than 1468 or 1470. The best edition of his "Chronicle" is that published under the care of Sir Henry Ellis in 1812. In 1543, the year of its first appearance, there were two distinct issues, both dated January 1, and of the seven or eight MSS. known to exist, hardly two correspond in the text. The oldest is that among the Lansdowne MSS.—(Hardyng's Chronicle, edit. Ellis)—W. C. H.
HARE, Augustus William, elder brother of Julius Charles, was born at Rome, and died there on the 18th February, 1834. He was educated at Oxford, took his degree of A.M. in 1818, and became a fellow of New college. In 1829 he was presented by that society to the living of Alton Barnes, Wiltshire. He was a most zealous and exemplary minister, and, being settled in a poor rural district, strove with all the energy his extremely delicate health permitted to improve the condition of his parishioners. His two volumes of "Sermons to a Country Congregation" will long remain a monument of his pious care, and of his skill in presenting the truths of christianity so as to be easily entertained by the meanest understanding. They are in truth the finest discourses of the kind in our language—polished to the last degree of perfection, and yet simple as the speech of a child. Augustus Hare will also be remembered for his share in the authorship of the "Guesses at Truth."—R. M., A.
HARE, Francis, D.D., Bishop of Chichester, was born in London, and entered King's college, Cambridge, in 1688. He afterwards became tutor in the college, and had also the tuition of the marquis of Blandford, son of the great duke of Marlborough, by whom he was appointed chaplain-general to the army. He became successively dean of Worcester and of St. Paul's, bishop of St. Asaph, and afterwards bishop of Chichester. A pamphlet which he published, "On the Difficulties and Discouragements which attend the study of the Scriptures in the way of private judgment," was considered to have so much the appearance of a covert attack on the sacred writings, that the convocation passed a severe censure upon it. Winston represents the author as strongly tinged with scepticism, says that he jested on the subject of religion, and offered to bet against the fulfilment of the prophecies. He published several pieces against Bishop Hoadley in the Bangorian controversy, an edition of Terence with notes, and the Book of Psalms in the Hebrew, put into the original poetical metre. His edition of Terence was completely eclipsed by that of Bentley, which led to a disruption of the friendly relations between them. His pretended discovery of the Hebrew metre was confuted by Bishop Lowth in his Metricæ Hareanæ Brevis Confutatio. Dr. Hare died on the 26th April, 1740.—G. BL.
HARE, Julius Charles, M.A., was born at Herstmonceux, Sussex, September 13, 1795. His father, the Rev. Robert Hare, was a son of Bishop Hare, and his mother was a daughter of Bishop Shipley. On her the education of her sons, of whom she had four, chiefly devolved, as their father died while they were yet young; and this duty she, aided by her sister, the widow of Sir William Jones, most faithfully and ably discharged. Part of Julius' early life was spent on the continent with his mother and aunt. On their return he passed through the usual course at the Charter-house, and from that went to Cambridge in 1812. Here he remained for nearly twenty years; becoming a fellow of Trinity college in 1818, and assuming the duties of assistant tutor in 1822. Whilst at Cambridge he published, in conjunction with his brother Augustus, "Guesses at Truth," 2 vols., 12mo, since repeatedly republished and in an enlarged form; and along with Bishop Thirlwall translated the first two volumes of Niebuhr's Roman History. He also was one of the editors of the Philological Museum. In 1832 he succeeded his uncle in the family living of Herstmonceux, and henceforward the rectory of this rural parish was his residence. In 1840 he was appointed archdeacon of Lewes, and as such repeatedly delivered charges to the clergy of the archdeaconry, many of which have been published. As a theologian, he is known chiefly by his volumes of sermons, and by his "Mission of the Comforter," 2 vols., 1846, subsequently published with the omission of a very long note in one volume. The omitted note appeared separately under the title, "Vindication of Luther against his recent English Assailants," and is occupied chiefly with a reply to Sir William Hamilton and Mr. Ward. He also issued a number of controversial pamphlets, principally in defence of others; these he used playfully to say he would collect some day and republish under the title, "Vindiciæ Harianæ, or the Hare and many friends." His life of Sterling, prefixed to a collection of that writer's Remains, may be ranked among these friendly efforts of his pen. His last charge to his clergy was delivered in the autumn of 1854. The hand of death was then upon him, and he got through his task with difficulty; but he lingered on till the 22nd of January, 1855, when he peacefully expired in the arms of his wife. He was buried at Herstmonceux on the 30th of the same month. As a scholar of varied, profound, and accurate learning; as an original and comprehensive thinker; and as an ecclesiastic of catholic affections and liberal views—he occupies an eminent place among the men of his time; whilst his tender sympathies, his beneficence, and his sincere goodness, have left an enduring memorial of him in the hearts of the friends whom he had gathered around him, and of the people among whom he laboured.—W. L. A.
HARE, Robert, was born in 1781. He was professor of chemistry in the university of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia. In 1831 he published a "Compendium of Chemistry." He is perhaps best known as an electrician, having written on "Lightning Conductors," modified the voltaic battery, and applied the latter to fire gunpowder in the blasting of rocks. In the years 1839, 1840, and 1841, he published papers "On the Extrication of barium, strontium, and calcium by exposure of their chlorides to a powerful voltaic circuit." He made improvements in the air-pump, in the blowpipe, and in pneumatic apparatus generally, and published papers on various chemical and meteorological subjects, as well as on certain questions of physical and chemical philosophy. He died in Philadelphia, May 15, 1858.—J. A. W.
HARGRAVE, Francis, a learned English lawyer, was born in 1741; died in 1820. His father was an attorney in London. He was educated at the Charter-house and at Oxford, was entered of Lincoln's Inn in 1760, and in due time called to the bar.
