death in 1764 the house and estate came into his possession in right of his wife. In 1741 he published the second volume of the "Divine Legation," which completed the argument, though not the entire plan of the work; and in 1744-45 he came forward with a defence of the whole work from the attacks which had been made upon it by many writers of eminence, including Middleton, Pococke, Sykes, and others, under the title of "Remarks on several occasional Reflections," &c. In 1746 he was appointed preacher of Lincoln's inn, a promotion which he accepted with hesitation, as he did not like the labour of writing sermons—an appointment to which the world is indebted for the three volumes of able sermons which appeared in 1753, 1754, and 1767, and also for the foundation at Lincoln's inn of the Warburton lecture, for which he transferred to trustees in 1768 the sum of £500. In 1750 appeared his remarkable piece entitled "Julian, or a Discourse concerning the Earthquake and Fiery Eruption which defeated that emperor's attempt to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem," which was intended to countervail the influence of Middleton's Enquiry concerning the Miraculous Powers of the Early Church; and in the same year he published a complete edition of Pope's works in 9 vols. 8vo, accompanied with notes, as his last tribute to the memory of his illustrious friend. His promotion in the church, which had proceeded but slowly hitherto, now became rapid, and terminated at length in his appointment to the see of Gloucester in the close of 1759. He made but an indifferent bishop, as he continued to give the bulk of his time and energy to literature rather than to the proper work of the episcopal office. Nor did he show much sympathy with those who were more zealous and diligent than himself for the salvation of souls. The rising sect of the Methodists excited his warmest resentment against "fanaticism," and in 1762 he made a direct attack upon their principles in a work entitled "The Doctrine of Grace, or the Office and Operation of the Holy Spirit vindicated from the insults of Infidelity and the abuses of Fanaticism"—a production of which it has been allowed even by his admirers that, "of all his works it is that which does least honour to his heart, and perhaps, though written with all his native spirit, to his head" In 1765 he published a new edition of the second part of the "Divine Legation," to which was added "An Appendix concerning the Book of Job," in which he repelled an attack which had been made upon him by Bishop Lowth. This affair led on to further reprisals, and "the dispute was managed on both sides with too much heat." The personalities indulged in by both parties very ill became the gravity and dignity of the episcopal chair. In the last ten years of his life he was less disposed than formerly to the work of fresh composition, because conscious of diminished vigour. "I read still," said he in 1769, "with the usual pleasure, but I compose with less ease and with less spirit." He despaired of being able to arrange the materials which he had collected for the seventh and eighth books of the "Legation," but the ninth book, being an attempt to give a rationale of christianity, he was anxious, on account of the importance of the subject, to leave behind him complete. But in this hope he was disappointed, at least in part. It remained unfinished at his death, and was afterwards published by Bishop Hurd "exactly as the author left it." He expired at Gloucester on the 7th of June, 1779, and was buried in his own cathedral, after an episcopate of more than nineteen years. In 1788 Hurd brought out a complete edition of his works in 4to, and in 1794 a Discourse by way of general preface to the works, containing some account of the life, writings, and character of the author. In the Quarterly Review for June, 1812, will be found an admirable critique on Warburton's character and works, by a writer equally sensible of his merits and faults, both of which were colossal.—P. L.
WARD, Edward, a clever humorist and satirist, was a native of Oxfordshire, and was born about 1667. He kept a tavern in Moorfields (which was the resort of those who were adverse to the whig administration of that time), and is mentioned by Jacob in his Lives of the Poets, and by Pope in the Dunciad. To the latter Ward responded in a manner which is said to have caused Pope to regret attacking him. Ward was the author of the "London Spy," a coarsely-written poem descriptive of the metropolitan life of his period, but not without merit; "The Humours of a Coffee-house;" "Apollo's Maggot," and other Hudibrastic works. He died 20th June, 1731.—F.
* WARD, Edward Matthew, R.A., was born at Pimlico, London, in 1816. Of a family of artists, his feeling for art was carefully nurtured. In 1830 he gained the silver palette of the Society of Arts; in 1835 became a student at the Royal Academy; and in 1836 went to Rome, where, in 1838, he gained the silver medal of the Academy of St. Luke for a painting of "Cimabue and Giotto," which was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1839. From Rome he proceeded to Munich, where he studied fresco under Cornelius. On his return to England he contributed a picture of King Lear to the Royal Academy Exhibition (1840), and almost every succeeding exhibition has contained some examples from his pencil. The first of his works which attracted much notice was "Dr. Johnson Reading the Manuscript of the Vicar of Wakefield," 1843; and the favourable opinion was increased by "Johnson in Lord Chesterfield's Ante-room," 1845; and secured by the "South Sea Bubble," 1847. Other works of a somewhat similar character followed, among them being "James II. receiving the News of the Landing of the Prince of Orange," 1850, which, as well as the "South Sea Bubble," is now the property of the nation. His latest work of this class is "The Ante-Chamber at Whitehall during the last moments of Charles II.," 1861. Another numerous class of pictures, including some of his most elaborate works, embraces incidents of the first French revolution, especially those in which Marie Antoinette was a prominent actor or sufferer. He also painted for her majesty (1857-58) "The Emperor of the French receiving the Order of the Garter," and "Queen Victoria visiting the Tomb of Napoleon I." In 1843 Mr. Ward was among the unsuccessful competitors in the cartoon competition, but in 1853 he was appointed by the commissioners of the fine arts to fill the eight compartments of the house of commons' corridor with frescoes. Of these he has (1863) completed four—"The last Sleep of Argyle;" "The Executioner tying Wishart's Book round the neck of Montrose;" "Alice Lisle receiving the Fugitives;" and "The Flight of Charles II. after the Battle of Worcester;" but they cannot be regarded as successful examples of the process. Mr. Ward was elected A.R.A. in 1846; R.A. in 1855. His wife, * Henrietta Ward, granddaughter of James Ward, R.A., is also a painter of considerable reputation. She usually paints subjects of domestic life, children, &c.; but occasionally works of a more ambitious order, as a "Scene from the Camp at Chobham," 1854, and "The Despair of Henrietta Maria at the execution of her husband, Charles I." 1862.—J. T—e.
WARD, Sir Henry George, Governor of Ceylon, was the only son of the late Mr. Robert Plumer Ward. He was born about the beginning of the present century, and in 1825 was sent as minister plenipotentiary to acknowledge the Mexican republic after it had thrown off the yoke of Spain. In 1832 he entered the house of commons as member for St. Alban's, and joined the advanced liberal party. His motion (27th May, 1834) for the reduction of the temporalities of the Irish church precipitated the ministerial crisis during which Mr. Stanley, now earl of Derby, and the late Sir James Graham seceded from the whig ministry. He represented Sheffield from 1837, and was secretary to the admiralty from 1846 to 1849, when he was appointed lord high commissioner of the Ionian islands. In 1855 he was transferred as governor to Ceylon. He died in 1860.—F. E.
WARD, James, R.A., the celebrated animal painter, was born in London in 1769, commenced his career as a mezzotinto engraver (having served his time with his brother, William Ward, A.E.), and acquired considerable distinction in that art. He, however, early took to painting, imitating at first the style of his brother-in-law, George Morland. Ward was elected an academician in 1811, and continued to exhibit at the Royal academy until 1855, acquiring a great reputation for his pictures of horses and cattle. His masterpiece, the admirable large picture of an Alderney bull, cow, and calf, painted in 1822 in emulation of Paul Potter, and now in the National gallery, was exhibited at the British institution in 1824. He died on the 17th of November, 1859.—R. N. W.
WARD, John, professor of rhetoric at Gresham college, was born in London, April, 1679, the son of a dissenting minister. He became a clerk in the navy office, where he remained for some years diligently applying himself in his hours of leisure to learned studies under the direction of a schoolmaster in Clerkenwell. In 1710 he exchanged his clerkship for the post of a schoolmaster in Tenter Alley, choosing rather, as he wrote, "to converse even with boys upon subjects of literature than to transact the ordinary affairs of life among men." In a few years he became eminent for his knowledge in the depart-
