APPENDICES T43
IN or AT^ s generally traiislated by in with the Ablative ; but by the Ablative alone —
(i) when it comes before a Noun denoting time, such as ' day,' 'month,' 'year,' ' century,' 'hour'; ihus 'in the second century ' is seaindo saeculo (§ i o), ' in the next year ' is proximo anno (§28), 'at what o'clock?' is quota horal (§21). (ii) when it cames before a Noun denoting price or value ' : thus 'at a great price ' is ^tiagno pretio (§ 9).
WITH is translated by cum with the Ablative when it means ' together with ' or ' in company with ' (as in ' I walk with my aunt,' cum amita mea ambulo, §3, or ' fighting with the Romans,' cufn Romams pugnantes, §43) ^ ; but by the Ablative alone in other senses ; viz : —
(i) when 'with' means 'bymeans of;' thus 'they used to fight with spears and arrows ' is hastis et sagittis pugnabant (§18): here 'spears and arrows' are the instruments with which they fought. Similarly when
- with ' comes after Adjectives meaning ' fi.lled ' ; thus
' fiUed with victims' is plenus victimis (§20)^, ' crowded with children' is creber pueris et puelHs (§15).
(ii) when the phrase ' with ' answers the question
' how ? ' ; thus ' they used to fight with great courage ' is magna audacia pugnabant. Here ' with great courage ' describes the manner in which they fought.
^ When ' at ' comes before the name of a Town, it is translated by the Locative without a Preposition ; but no example of this Case occurs in this book. The Locative, however, is the same in form as the Ablative, except in the Ist and 2nd Declension, Singular Number.
^ Sometimes M«a 'together' is added, as in ' together with a multilude 0/ Gallic auxiliaries, una cum multiludiite aiixiliorum Galliiorum (§ 28).
- But just as in English we may say not only ' filled ivith ' but also ' full of,^
so in Latin pUnus may take the Genitive ; thus ' full of joys ' is plenus gaudiorum (f 13).
