144 APPENDICES
(iii) when the phrase 'with ' answers the question
' why ? ' thus ' the cUmate was hideous with rains ' is caebim plnviis foediiin erat (§17). Here 'with rains' means ' because of rains.'
(iv) when the phrase ' with * describes a quality of the
person or thing spoken of '; thus 'a man with a robust body' is homo fobusto corpore (§30), 'aboy with blue eyes ' is puer oculis caeruieis.
B Y MEANS OF is sometimcs translated hy per ('through') with the Accusative, but generally by the Ablative without a Preposition: thus ' they used to fasten their ships by means of iron chains ' is naves catenis fej-reis deligahant (§ 33), ' he hastened to the Thames by means of uninterrupted marches' % continuis itineribus ad Tamesain properavit (§ 38).
^F is sometimes translated by ab or a with the Ablative, but generally by the Ablative without a Preposition : thus ' by reason ( = for thc sake) of commcrce ' is mercaturae causa (§ l 9), cf. animi causa (§20); 'by land and by sea' is terra marique (§43).
III.— GENERAL RULES OF ORDER.
RuLE I. — Anything that goes with a Xo'm (excepting a Pre- position)is generally put after that Noun in Latin ; thus 'villa bella,^ ' villa amitae meae.' Exxept Numeral Adjectives and Adjectives meaning 'all,' 'some,' ' many,' 'few.'*
RuLE 2. — Anything that goes with a Verb or an Adjective or an Adverb is generally put before that Verb, Adjective or Adverb in Latin ; thus ^ saepe specto,' ';w« specto,' ' scapham specto,' ' /« j<ra///(3 navigo ' ; ';w«magnus'; '«<?«saepe.'
- Demonslralive Adjcclives (moaning 'iliis' or ' llvat ') and Intcrrogative
Adjectives (meaning ' which?' or ' what?') also precede their Nouns in Latin, as in English ; but the Demonslialivcs do not occur in this book. An Inter- logative occurs in quota hoia ?
