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428
THE AMERICAN INDIAN
Palisades, distribution of, 112
Pan-pipe, 147
Paper, in Mexico and Central America, 130
Patagonia, archæological characterization of, 268
"Pepper-pot," characteristic dish of the Amazon area, 23
Persimmon, bread made of, 18
Personal property, 174
Pestle, stone, distribution of, 120
Peyote cult, 343
Phonetic, analysis, of language, by mechanical methods, 287; uniformity found in California languages, 287
Phonetics, characteristic of American languages, 287; comparative, 286-289; geographical types of, 287
Phratry, defined, 158
Picture writing, 129
Pile-villages, South Atlantic area, 250
Piman stock, consolidated with Shoshonean-Nahuatlan stock, 285, 369; linguistic and tribal grouping, 374
Pipe ritual, ceremonial, 184
Pipes, 72; clay, South Atlantic area, 249; distribution and form of, 30; elbow, distribution of, 29; Eskimo area, 216; pottery, Iroquois area, 251; South Atlantic area, 250; stone, form and distribution, 120-121
Pit-houses, in Great Lakes area, 254
Pits, house, 112
Plains area, 119, 131, 132, 226, 233-234, 359; archæological characterization of, 254-256; area, characterization of culture, 206-209; probably a distinct type of prehistoric culture, 256; traits, in Plateau area, 209, 210
Plant-growing trick, 189
Plants, Central American, taken over and cultivated by Europeans, 21; cultivated before 1492, 20; peculiar to the New World, 357-358; wild, used in eastern maize area, 18
Platinum, in the New World, 126
Platycnemia, flattening of, 300
Plumed serpent concept, wide distribution of, 199
Plural marriage, 176
Poetical merit, in aboriginal rituals, 198
Poetry, aboriginal, 140
Political, organization, Aztec, 229; close uniformity of speech a correlate of, 280; conducive to standardization of culture, 242; Iroquois tribes, 222; in regions of higher culture, 180; system, Araucans, 167; solidarity, coincident with clan-gens organization, 157; unity, coincident with cultural individuality, 342