Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/570

CHANT DU DEPART. 490 CHANTRY. the fOte on the fifth anniversary of the taking of the Bastille. .July 14, 1794. "This is the only French national air written during the Reign of Terror, ami %hen sung it created as great an ell'etl ^i~ 1,11 MiirscUliiise (q.v.). CHANTAL, shiix'tiil', Je.xxe rRAN(;oiSE FfifiMYOT, Uaroness de (1572-1()41). The founder of the tn-der of the N'isitation. .She was tiie daughter of Benigne Fremyot. president of the I'arlianienl of Burgundy, and in her twentieth year married Christophe de Rahutin, Baron de t'hantal. While out shooting, he was aeeidentally killed by a companion, and his widow devoted herself to the education of their four children and to the practice of virtue. In l(i04 she met Saint Francis de Sales, and passed under his spiritual direction. At his suggestion, in IGIO, she joined two other pious women in a com- nuuiity, and, when it was confirmed as an order, made the solemn vows, adding a special one al- ways to choose, in a doubt between two actions, that which tended the most toward perfection. She died at ^loulins, was buried at Annccy, and canonized by Clement XIII.. in ITtiT. Her fes- tival is August 21. Consult Bougaud. Uistoire de la saiiilc Chantnl (2 vols.. Paris. 180.3). CHANTEPIE DE LA SATISSAYE, shax't'- pe' d<- la si*)'sA'. See L. S.vrs.SAVE. CHANT^ERELLE, shax't'rel'. See Musil- EOO.M. CHAN'TICLEER (OF. Chanteder. name of the cock in the Kenart epic, from chanter, Lat. vantare, to sing + cler, Lat. clurus, clear). An imaginative name for a cock. It occurs both in Old French and ^Middle English. The cock in the mediaeval version of .Fsoj). Reynard llie I'ox (q.v.), goes by this name, as does also the barn- yard hero of Chaucer's Xun's Priest's Tale, who "had in his governance seven hennes," one of which "was cleped faire Damoselle Pertelote." CHANTILLY, shiiN'tf'ye'. A town of France in the Department of Oise, about 23 miles north- northeast of Paris. Its environs are very pic- turesque and the place derives additional inter- est from ■ its two chateau.K surrounded by a magnificent park, both of which belonged to the Conde family from 1632 to 1830. The smaller of the two chateaux is of more rec'ent construc- tion and is regarded as one of the finest speci- Tncns of French Renaissance. The larger chil- teau with its splendid art collections is now, through the gift of the Due d'Aumale. in the possession of the Institut de France. The prod- ucts of Chantilly are porcelain and lace. Chan- tilly is also a horse-racing centre, with a fine course, and noted for the three annual race meet- ings held here. Population, in 1901, of town, 44(i3: of commune. 4791. Consult "Le Chriteai de Chant illv." in Uevue de I'art ancien et moderne. Vol. III. (Paris. 1808). CHANTILLY, shan-til'll. A post-village in Fairfax County. Va., 20 miles west of Washing- ton, where, during a furious thunder-storm on September 1, 1802. after the second battle of Bull Run (q.v.), an indecisive engagement occurred between a part of Pope's arni"- under Generals Hooker, Reno, and Kearny, and two divisions of Lee's army under Oeneral .lackson. On the fol- lowing day the Federal troops were withdrawn to the fortifications about Washington. Each side lost heavily, and among the Federal dead were Generals Isaac J. Stevens and Philip Kearny. CHANTRY (OF. chanterie, Med. Lat. can- tario, chantry, from Lat. canlare, frequentative of canere, to sing). A foundation to provide masses for the repose of the soul of the patron or his friends, or the chapel oraltar in a church where such service was j)erformed. Legislation against chantries began under Henry VIII. in 154.5, when they were dissolved by law and the jiroperty given to the King; but, the law being inoperative, another act was passed under lulward 'l. in 1547. which had the desired etVect. and the King entered into possession of the fumls, which amounted to a large sum, as at the time there were a thousand such foundations in Eng- land, with certain very carefully ordained ex- ceptions. The text of this important act is found in Henry Gee's Documents Illuslrative of the Ilixtorii of the English Church (London, ISOti. pp. :i2S-357). CHANTBEY, chan'trl. Sir Fr.xcis Leg.vtt (17S11S42I. An English sculptor. He was l)orn in the village of Norton. Derbyshire. April 7, 1781. His first modeling was done in pastry for the table of a wealthy lady named Stanley, who became interested in him and placed him with a carver and frame manufacturer in Shellield, where Chantre.y produced several admirable mod- els in clay. He received some instruction in painting from .Tohn Raphael Smitli and adver- tised that he would make portraits in crayon. Shortly afterwards be visited Ediiil)urgh and Dublin without receiving much encouragement. He then went to London and studied at the Royal Academy, and in 1804 exhibited a portrait in oil. In the following year he turned his attention again to sculpture, and exhibited three busts which dis])layed great ability. He soon became recognized, and in 1809 Jlr. Alexander, an archi- tect, gave him an order for four colossal busts of Howe. Saint Vincent, Nelson, and Duncan, for Trinity House and the Greenwich Xaval Asylum. His next work was the statue of Pitt in 1811. He soon after produced one of George III. for the city of London, which was greatly admired. He was later employed upon several statues for Saint Paul's besides designs for church sepulchres; among the latter was the moniunent of two children, daughters of Rev. W. Robinson, which was placed in Lichfield Ca- thedral. This beautiful work is Chantrey's mas- terpiece in that branch of art. It was exhibited in 1818 and gaine<l the artist a unanimous elec- tion to the Royal .Academy. In 1819 he visited Italy and was elected a memlier of the academies of Rome and Florence. He afterwards returned to London, where he was knighted in 1835. He amassed a large fortune. He died November 25, 1842. . u)ng his unfinished works is the colos- sal ecpiestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington, intended to be placed in the front of the Royal Exchange. He also left what is now known as the Chantrey Bequest, a sum of money for the purchase annually of a picture or statue by an artist resident at the time in England. Chan- trey's .statue of Washington is owned by the city of Boston. Chantrey produced busts or statues of many celebrated contemporaries. These works include, besides those mentioned, busts of Scott (two). .lames Watt. Porson. and Wordsworth: ami statues of George IV. (equestrian). Sir .Jo- seph Banks. Canning, and Roscoe. Consult: The l>iogr;iphy by .Tones (London. 1849) and Holland. Memoriiils of .s'lr Francis Chantrey ( ib.. 1851 ) .