Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/460

NETJBKANDENBUEG. 408 NEUENDOBFF. liandsoiiie Gothic jjatcs give llic towu a mediicval ap|iearaiiee. The Uotliic -Marieiikiixhe dates from the tliirteenth century. Near by is the grand ducal pleasure pahice of Belvedere. There are manufactures of machines, pianos, paper, and brandy. Population, in 1000, 10..5()0. Xeubran- denburg .was founded in 1248. NEUCHATEL, ne'sha'ti-l', or NETJFCHA- TEL. The capital of the c;tnton of the same name in Switzerland, situated on the Lake of Xeu- chatel, about 25 miles west of Bern (Map: Switzerland, A 2). it is a well-built town, with a picturesque location and fine public buildings. A beautiful avenue extends along the water- front, and one of the squares is adorned with a statue of the XcucliAtel merchant, David de l^iirry, to whose generosity the town owes many of its institutions, The twelfth century abbey church contains a line monument, erected in 1372, to the counts of Xcuchatel. The old chateau is now the seat of the lautonal government. Xeu- chatcl is well provided with educational insti- tutions, which include a Latin college with a valua!)le natural history- collection, an academy with four faculties, a <^'mnasium, a museum of natural history, an historical and ethnographical museum, a museum of fine arts, and a library of 100,000 volumes. There are a number of pri- vate boarding-schools, attended mostly by for- eigners. Near the town is the cantonal observa- tory. The industries of X'euehfilcl include the manufacturing of watches, electrical apparatus, and jcwclrv. The trade is of some impurtance. Population', in 1000, 20,843, chiefly French Prot- estants. For history, see the article on the Canton of XeuchAtel. Consult Bachelin, Neucn- hi'ffi Viiil i' nif/' fntufj fZuricli. 1883 1. NEUCHATEL, or NET7FCHATEL, ne'sha'- tel' (Ger. yruenhiirg). A western canton of Switzerland, bounded on the north by the Canton of Bern, on the east by the Canton of Bern and the Lake of XeuchAtel, on the south by the Can- ton of 'aud, and on the west by the French De- partment of Doubs. Area, 312 square miles (Map: Switzerland, A 2). The whole country belongs to the region of the .Tura, and is gencralU- divided into three parts: the region nhmg the lake, ranging in altitude from about 1400 to over 2000 feet, and famous for its wine; the central portion, with an average altitude of over 2700 feet and producing principally cereals; and the forest region of the west, devoted chielly to pas- toral purposes, Hy<lrographicalIy the canton belongs ])artly to the Aare and partly to the Doubs. The principal minerals are asphalt, ce- ment, and building stones. Besides agriculture, viticulture, and stock-raising, the fundamental industries of the canton, the inhabitants are en- gaged in watch-making, distilling, and in manti- facturing cables, electrical apjiaratns, paper, and chocolate. The Constitution of the canton, origi- nally adopted in IS'jS. jirovides for a grand coun- cil electeil directly for three years at the rate of one member to every 1000 inhabitants. The five members of the executive council are appointed by the grand ccuincil for three years. The refer- endum was adopted in 1870. and the initiative in 1882. For the administration of justice there are a number of justices <if the peace, several industrial arbitration courts, and a court of ap- peals at XeuchAtel, The canton is represented by five members in the National Council. For ad- ministrative purposes XeuchAtel is divided into six districts. Population, in 1800, 10S,lo3; in 1000, 120,279. Most of the inhabitants are Prot- estants and speak French. Capital. XeuchAtel (q.v.). The mediaeval countship of XeuchAtel passed in lo04 to the House of UrlOans-Longueville. In 1707, on the extinction of the XeuchAtel branch of the latter family, 1.5 claimants came forward, amimg them Frederick L, of Prussia, whose mother was a princess of the House of Orange, which was connected by descent with the House of ChAlons, to whose ovcrlordship Kudolph of Hapsburg had subjected X'eucliAtel in 1288. Fred- erick I. was the successful candidate; and from his time XeuchAtel contintied associated with Prussia till ISOCi. when Xapoleon bestowed it upon General Bertliier. In 1814 it was restored to the House of Brandenburg, and in the saniG year became a member of the Swiss Confederacy, it became a republic in 1848. Its connection with the Prussian monarchy has been dissolved since 1857. Consult: Grandpierre, Histoire du canton de yeuchatel sous Ics rois de Frusse (Leipzig, 1880); Quartier-la-Tente, Le canton de Xcu- chiitrl. lienie histurique et monographique (XeuchAtel, 1807). NEUCHATEL, Lake of (Ger. yeuenhur;icr Src). A lake in the western part of Switzerland lying along the eastern base of the .Jura range, 10 miles north of the Lake of Geneva (Map: Switzerland, A 2). It is 24 miles long and from 2 to 5 miles wide, being the tliird largest lake of Switzerland, Its shores, which are very little indented, are partly low and marshy, partly hilly, and covered with forests or vineyards. The lake may be considered as an expansion of the River ThiSle, which enters at the southern end, and leaves it at the north on its way to the Aare. It was an important commercial route until railroads were built along its banks, and is traversed by regular lines of steamers between the towns (if XeuchAtel and Estavayer. NEUDORFEE, noi'der-fer. JoirAXX (1407- 15li3). A (iernian writing-master and ealli- graplier, born at X'urcmbcrg. He became the foremost representative of his profession, which, despite the invention of printing, was .still widely and skillfully practiced, and highly esteemed. His mnnnscrii)ts were beautifully decorated with gold and other colors, but his chief attention wa.s directed toward an elegant formation of the letters of the German alphabet. He thus de- veloped the German Gothic characters to their perfection, and secured their general use. Of his autographs there are known to exist only the sig- natures to the Ciiirtner copies of Diirer's two paintings, "The Tem))eraments" (in the Ger- manic Museum, Xuremberg), and a letter of .luiie 7, 1556 (in the municipial archives of Xuremberg,) He also wrote in 1547 the yarh- rirhirn ton niirnhrrp!rliin KiinxtJrin und M'rrl;lcuten, whose 70 brief notices are important sources regarding the history of X'urcmbcrg of the early sixteenth century. NEUENDORFF, noiVn-dMrf. Anoi.r (1R4.'5- 07). . (Jennan-.Vmerican musician, conductor, and operatic impresario. He was born in Ham- burg, (Jermany, but nt the age of twelve years came to America, where he completed his mu- sical education. He first came before the public