Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/461

NEUENDORFF. 409 NEUMANN. in 1859 as a conceit pianist, and in 18G0 became the solo violin in the Stadt Theater orelieslra of New Voik. The following year he toured Brazil, and on his return was appointed nnisieal director of the tiernian Theatre in -Milwaukee, Wis. To him is due the credit of introducing Wagner's Lohengrin into the United States, at the Stadt Theater, New York, lie also introduced Wachtel (the famous tenor), and the following year I (187'2) conducted the season of grand opera at j the Academy of JIusio (Xew York). Die Wal- Iciirc also received its first presentation in this country at his hands (1877), and in 1878 he was appointed conductor of the New Y'ork Phil- ! harmonic Society. From 1884 to 1880 he was a I concert director in Boston, after which he be- came associated with the management of several successful opera companies. His wife, Georgine von .Januschowsky, was prima donna of the Impe- rial Ojicra, Vienna, in which city he spent two years( lS!)3-n.5) , returning in ISOO to become mu- sical director of the Hebrew Temple Emanu-El. In 1897 he conducted the Metropolitan Orchestra. He was the composer of operas, symphonies, over- tures, and many songs, which enjoyed consider- able success. lie died in New Y'ork. NEUENKIRCHEN, noiVn-kerK'en. A town of Austria. See Xei-,kircuex. NETJFCHATEATJ, nS'sha't6', FEANgois de. See FRA.xrois de Neufcii.vteau. NETJFCHATEL, ne'sha'tel'. A canton and a city of Switzerland. See Neucii.vtel. NEUHAUS. noi'hous. A town of Bohemia situated 70 miles southeast of Prague (Map: Austria, D 2). It contains a niedi.'eval castle and a college, and manufactures cloth and woolen goods. Population, in 1900. 931G. NEUHAUSEL, noilioi-zcl (Hung. Ersehit- jcur). A town of Hungary, situated on the Neu- tra, 55 miles northwest of Budapest (ilap: Hun- gary, F 3). It has a fine church, a Franciscan monastery, and a gymnasium. Prior to 1724 it was a strong fortress and played a prominent part in the Turkish wars. Population, in 1900, 13,385, mostly Catholic Magyars. NETJHOF, noi'hof, Theodor Steph.^n vox. Baron (c.lOS(i-17of!) . A German adventurer and King of Corsica. He was born in !Metz, the son of a Westphalian nobleman in the French service, and became page to the Uucliess of Orleans. He then enlisted in the French army and later in the army of Sweden, where the Minister Goertz dis- covered liim. and emplo3'ed him on secret diplo- matic missions. In 1719 Neuhof was in Spain, enjoying the protection of Ripperda. There l)e marriecl a daugliter of Lord Kilmallock and ran away with her diamonds to France. Beggared by Law. he lived in misery till 1732, when the Em- peror Charles VI. made him charge d'alfaires at Florence. In Florence Neuhof rendered some ser- vice to several Corsican patriots, who in return invited him to become King of Corsica and fight its battles against (Jenoa. He landed in Corsica in -Marcli, 173(i, was proclaimed King as Theodore I., and with Iielp olilained from the Dey of Algiers defeated the Genoese. He left the island soon to seek assistance abroad, and came hack in 1738 with reenforcements from Holland. But the French had come to the aid of the Genoese and Neuhof fled. He made one more attempt on Corsica in 1743, when the islanders displayed re- markable devotion to liis cause, but failed, and after long wandering went to England in 1749. There he was thrown into prison by his creditors and was released through the intercessions of Hor- ace Walpole (inly a few months before his death. Neuhof's son published his life in Meiiiuii-cs pour .•iirrir a lliisloirr ilc Corse ( 17081 . Consult Fitz- gerald. Kiiii/ Theodore of Corsica (London, 1890). NEXJILLY, ne'ye'. A .suburban municipality of Paris, in the Department of Seine, on the riglit bank of the river Seine, and bordering on the city- wall to the north of the Bois de Boulogne (Map: Paris and vicinity). It is a favorite residential section of Parisian merchants, and has sana- t<niuins, hospitals, and five parks, and in con- nection with Parisian houses, establishments manufacturing patent leather, chemicals, and starch, and ])reserving meat. In a large and beautiful park along the Seine formerly stood the Chateau de Xeuilly, built by Louis XV., and the favorite residence of Louis Philippe, who after his deposition assumed the title of Count of Nenilly. The chateau was destroyed in the Revolution of 1848; and the park, afterwards divided into lots for sale, became an elegant residential quarter. Population, in 1900, 37,493. NETIKOMM, noi'kum, Sigismvxd von ( 1778- 1858). An Austrian composer and orchestra leader, born at Salzburg. He studied under Weissauer the organist, and Michael and Joseph Haydn, the latter of whom was devoted to his protege's interests, and was mainly instrumental (in 1804) in securing for Ncukomin the leader- ship of the German opera at Saint Petersburg. In Is09 he went to Paris, where he gained the friendship of Gretry. Cherubini, and Talleyrand, and in 1815 received the Cross of the Legion of Honor. In 1816 he went to Rio de Janeiro and was appointed music teaclier to the Crown Prince Doin Pedro. He returned in 1821, and lived at Talleyrand's house in Paris. He was a prolific composer and has nearly 300 compositions to his credit, ranging from opera to simple ballad. His sacred music alone survives, the oratorios Mount Sinai (1831) anA David (1834) being still popu- lar in England and Germany. He died in Paris. NEtJMANN, noi'man, Fr.^xz Erxst (1798- 1805). A German phvsicist, born at .Toachims- thal, near Berlin. He took part in tlic War of 1815, and afterwards stvidied at the universities of .Jena and Berlin. He received his doctor's degree in 1826. and in 1828 he was made pro- fessor of physics and mineralogy- in the Univer- sity of Kijnigsberg. His researches were chiefly along the line of mathematical physics, and he contributed to the theories of the reflec- tion and refraction of light, and of double refraction, to the study of crystals of double axes, and to the methods of determining the specific heat of bodies. His chief publica- tions (published by his pupils) are: yorlesungeii ither die Theorie des Magnetismns (1881) ; Ein- Icitung in die theoretische Phi/sih (1883) ; Vor- lesungen iibcr elektrische Strome (1884); Yor- lesiingen ither theoretische Optik (1885); Vor- lesungen ither Theorie des Potentials (1887); Veber ein aJlgemeines< Prineip der mathema- tischen Theorie indneirter eleklriseher HtrUme (1892). About a hundred of his memoirs ap- peared in the Annalcn, Crelle's Journal, and the Astronomische Xachrichten. Consult Volkmann, Franz Xeuniann (Leipzig, 1896).