vigorous, and witty orator—always on the liberal side—at the famed debating society, the "Union." He was content with a B.A. degree, which he took in 1828; and destined for the law, he was called to the bar in June, 1831. Sent to the house of commons on the eve of the reform bill (for which, of course, he voted), as member for West Looe, he delivered his maiden speech in 1830; and after the disfranchisement of West Looe, he sat until his death for Liskeard, where also his family had influence. In the first reformed parliament, he was conspicuous as a young and promising radical, more a follower of Lord Durham than of Lord John Russell; more a philosophical than a democratic radical: witness the vigorous pamphlet published by him in 1831, and in which, despite its title—"On the Necessity for a Radical Reform"—the unfitness, in the writer's view, of "the lower orders," as he called them, for the reception of the franchise, was emphatically indicated. Mr. Buller's first notable parliamentary achievement was, however, scarcely a political one, though it involved a great public benefit. On the 18th of February, 1836, in a speech received with great applause, full of wit, as well as sense and knowledge, he moved the appointment of a select committee to investigate the affairs of the record commission. Its issue need not be recorded. Some two years afterwards, Lord Durham, on his appointment to the governor-generalship of Canada, took Mr. Buller with him as his civil secretary. In 1841 he had a short term of office as secretary of the board of control, from which post he was speedily removed by the accession of Sir Robert Peel's second administration. But with his return from Canada, he began to practise as a counsel in appeal cases before the privy council, and to occupy himself energetically in parliament, and out of it, with the question of national emigration. His speech on "Systematic Colonization." calling for a royal commission to investigate the subject, was delivered in April, 1843. Out of the house as in it, though busy in many ways, colonization and colonial questions constituted his most prominent sphere of activity, and he was a leading man in the establishment and development of the New Zealand company. In the house of commons he was rising rapidly, by the freshness of his style, the lucidity of his statements, his general candour and originality as a speaker, and last, not least, by his airy sparkling wit, which relieved his treatment of the driest and most hackneyed subjects. If others rose with him "to catch the speaker's eye," the cry was generally for "Buller!" On the formation of Lord John Russell's ministry, he was appointed to the modest post of judge-advocate-general; but in July, 1847, having been appointed a queen's counsel the previous November, he was made a privy councillor. In 1848, when the poor-law commission broke down beneath the weight of public obloquy, Mr. Buller, at a considerable sacrifice of income, accepted the presidency of the new and remodelled commission; during his short occupancy of what had become a very responsible post, he suggested many, and carried several important improvements. But his career was prematurely closed; he died of typhus fever on the 28th of November, 1848. In the high social circles which he adorned, his loss was severely felt, and politicians of every party mourned one whose wit had never made an enemy, whose talents were admired, and whose purity of public and private character was respected by all.—F. E.
BULLEYN, William, an English physician and botanist, was born in the Isle of Ely in the early part of the reign of Henry VIII. He was educated chiefly at Cambridge. In June, 1550, he was appointed rector of Blaxhall in Suffolk, but he resigned this office in 1552. He afterwards took the degree of doctor of medicine, and practised as a physician in Durham. Finally, he removed to London, and became a fellow of the College of Physicians in 1560. He wrote a book of simples, being a herbal in the form of a dialogue, at the end of which are some woodcuts of plants.—J. H. B.
BULLIARD, Pierre, a French botanist, was born at Aubepierre, near Langres, about 1742, and died at Paris in 1793. He was an excellent artist, and gave beautiful delineations of plants. Among his published works are the following—"Flora of the neighbourhood of Paris;" "History of Poisonous Plants;" "History of the French Fungi, with beautiful figures;" "Elementary Dictionary of Botany;" and "French Flora." Bulliard invented the art of printing natural history plates in colours, and he employed this in his works.—J. H. B.
BULLINGER, Henry, the celebrated Swiss reformer, was born in 1504, at Bremgarten, a small town near Zurich, of which his father was parish priest and dean. In 1519 he entered the university of Cologne, where he read Luther, and declared himself a protestant. In 1523 he was invited by Wolfgang Joner, Cistercian abbot of Cappel, to become lecturer on divinity in that monastery. There he remained six years, and composed many of his works. There also he became intimate with Zuinglius and other reformers. In 1527 he attended for some months the lectures of Zuinglius at Zurich, and in December of that year was deputed by the senate of Zurich to accompany him to the disputation at Berne. In June, 1528, he undertook the pastoral office, and preached for some time at Bremgarten, his father having renounced popery. After the battle of Cappel, October 11, 1531, Bullinger removed to Zurich for safety, and there succeeded Zuinglius as preacher in the cathedral, which office he held till his death. He preached daily, often twice: in pastoral labours he was incessant; and his house was always open to shelter and protect refugees from countries where religious persecution prevailed. He assisted in drawing up the first Helvetic confession of faith at Basle in 1536. With Calvin and Farell he drew up an agreement, on the subject of the Lord's Supper, between the churches of Geneva and Zurich. After suffering some years from the stone, he died at Zurich in 1575. His sermons, in five decades, have been lately published at Cambridge by the Parker Society. Bullinger appears to have been one of the most moderate of the continental reformers—a man of much eloquence, of deep piety, and christian amiability, well worthy of the general esteem in which he was held by his contemporaries.—T. S. P.
BULOW. An ancient German family, originally belonging to Mecklenburg, but long established in Prussia. The following are its most distinguished members:—
Bülow, Friedrich Wilhelm, count von Dennewitz, a celebrated Prussian general, born in 1755. He entered the army at the age of fourteen. In 1792 he was made a captain, and appointed governor to the young prince, Lewis Ferdinand of Prussia. He served with great distinction in the campaign of the Rhine, and in 1808 was made general of brigade. He distinguished himself under Blucher at Eylau, Friedland, and Tilsit, and on the 5th of April, 1813, gained an important victory over the French at Möckern. On the 10th of June following, by a skilful movement, he saved Berlin, then menaced by the French; a second time, on the 23rd of August, by the victory of Gross-Bœrn; and a third time, on the 6th of September, by totally routing Marshal Ney at Dennewitz. This gallant action gained him the title of Count Dennewitz. He took a prominent part in the battle of Leipzig, and afterwards served with great distinction in Westphalia, Holland, and Belgium, and throughout the campaign of 1814, especially at Soissons. On the conclusion of peace, Bulow was appointed commander-in-chief of the Prussian infantry, and governor of Lithuania and eastern Prussia. On the return of Napoleon from Elba, he once more took the field under Blucher, and rendered signal service to the allies at Ligny and Wavre. By great exertions he arrived with his division on the field of Waterloo, in time to assist in the total overthrow and dispersion of the French army. After the final downfall of Napoleon, Bulow returned to his post at Königsberg as governor of the eastern provinces of Prussia, and died there on the 25th of February, 1816, leaving behind him a high reputation for courage and professional skill, winning manners, and knowledge of the fine arts.
Bülow, Henrich Wilhelm, baron von, brother of the preceding, was born in 1760. He was educated for the military service, which he entered at the age of fifteen, but soon became disgusted with this life, and tried various other professions without success. He visited South America, and afterwards spent some time in France, and in London, where he ruined himself by a newspaper speculation, and was confined in the King's Bench prison. He published a treatise entitled "The Spirit of the Modern System of War;" a "History of the Campaign of 1800;" a "Life of Prince Henry of Prussia;" several treatises on military tactics, and a work entitled "The Campaign of 1805," which gave great offence to the court of St. Petersburg, and led to his imprisonment at Riga, where he died in 1807. Bulow was an ardent disciple of Swedenborg, and wrote a treatise upon his tenets, entitled "A View of the Doctrine of the New Christian Church."
Bülow, Lewis Friedrich Victor Johann, count von, born in Brunswick in 1774. He was indebted to his cousin Har-
