the council of Ephesus in 449. Here he supported Flavian, and narrowly escaped sharing his captivity. Upon his return to Rome he was very active in opposing and punishing heretics, and in asserting the supremacy of the see of Rome. Pope Hilary during his pontificate greatly enriched the churches and monasteries which had been despoiled by the Vandals, and died at Rome, greatly regretted, 10th September, 467. His writings consisted chiefly of letters.—E. L—n.
HILDEBERT, Archbishop of Tours, was born about 1055. He was characterized by great energy and resolution; and took a prominent part in the religious and political affairs of his time. He was engaged in various treaties; and after filling many offices of dignity in the church died at Tours in 1133. His writings consist of poems, letters, essays, sermons, &c., an account of which is given by Cave.—B. H. C.
HILDEBRAND. See Gregory VII.
HILDEGARDE (Saint), Abbess of St. Rupert, near Bingen on the Rhine, was born in 1099, and died in 1178. She appears to have been a person of sensitive and irritable temperament, and to have indulged in strange theories. Her book of prophecies and her epistles have been often printed. An account of this visionary and seer will be found in Fox, Neander, and other writers. Her "Prophecies" were printed for the first time at Paris in 1513—W. C. H.
HILDERSHAM, Arthur, a puritan divine, celebrated by Fuller in his Church History, as offering in his life an illustration of the test, "When my father and mother forsake me, then the Lord taketh me up." He was born at Stecworth in Cambridgeshire in 1563. His mother was niece to Cardinal Pole, and great-grandchild to the duke of Clarence, Edward IV.'s brother. Refusing to be bred a papist, he was cast off by his parents, but was taken up by his kinsman Henry, earl of Huntington, who provided a plentiful maintenance for him. He was educated at Christ's college, Cambridge. After entering the ministry, being incumbent of the living of Ashby-de-la-Zouch for forty-three years, he met with frequent molestation, and was silenced by the high commission at four different times. His works are described by Dr. Williams as "a mine of practical divinity." He died in 1631. For a list of his published writings, see Allibone's Dictionary.—R. H.
HILDESLEY, Mark, Bishop of Sodor and Man, was son of Mark Hildesley, rector of Houghton and Witton in the county of Huntingdon, and was born at Marston in Kent in 1698, and educated at the Charter-house. At the age of nineteen he went to Trinity college, Cambridge, and was elected a fellow in 1723. In the following year he was appointed Whitehall preacher by Bishop Gibson, and in 1731 was presented by his college with the living of Hitchin. He afterwards held the rectory of Holwell, Bedfordshire. On the death of Bishop Wilson, the duke of Atholl appointed him to the see of Sodor and Man in 1755. In this more elevated position he practised the same unassuming virtues that he had exhibited in his humble rectory, and which procured for him the epithet of "the primitive bishop." The great work begun by Bishop Wilson, the translation of the whole Bible into the Manx language, was completed by Hildesley ten days before his death, which event took place on the 7th of December, 1772. His life has been written and published by the Rev. Weedon Butler, in a large octavo volume, 1799.—R. H.
HILDUIN, Abbot of St. Denys, was born in the latter part of the eighth century. Louis the Meek placed him at the head of ecclesiastical affairs. He was disgraced for political reasons, but again restored. He was a man of considerable ability and estimable character; but he wavered in his loyalty. The work by which he is known is the "Areopagitica, or life of Dionysius the Areopagite," which is full of fables.—B. H. C.
HILL, Aaron, an English poet and dramatist, was born in London on the 10th of February, 1685. His education at Westminster school was interrupted by the death of his father, who did not leave means enough for his support there; and so the lad went out, in 1700, to his relative Lord Paget, then at Constantinople as ambassador. He was kindly received, well educated, and sent to travel through Egypt, Palestine, and the East. Subsequently, he accompanied Sir William Wentworth in a three years' tour of Europe. The first-fruits of his travel was "A History of the Ottoman Empire," published in 1709; and this was soon followed by his poem "Camillus." The first brought him reputation, the second something more substantial—the patronage of Lord Peterborough, to whom it was addressed, who made him his secretary. Obtaining the management of Drury Lane, he wrote a tragedy, "Elf rid." In 1710 he succeeded to the Haymarket, and put on the boards an opera, "Rinaldo," the music of which—Handel's first English work—insured its success. These were followed at intervals by fifteen other dramatic pieces, none of which are now on the acting list. Hill also wrote several poems; amongst them, "The Northern Star," celebrating the achievements of Peter the Great—for which he received a gold medal by order of the czar—and "The Progress of Wit." This latter was an able retaliation upon Pope for his introduction of Hill in the second book of the Dunciad, in very bad company, as one of the "Divers." Pope was forced to apologize, and an amity, apparent if not cordial, was established. Hill was a man of kindness, as well as of ability, and befriended Savage on more than one occasion. He died at Plaistow, Essex, in February, 1750. His miscellaneous works were published in 1753.—J. F. W.
HILL, Abraham, was born at London in 1633, and was the son of a merchant of that city. On the death of his father in 1659, he became the possessor of a handsome fortune, and, determined to prosecute his literary and scientific researches, took chambers in Gresham college. On the institution of the Royal Society, he was one of its warmest patrons, and became first a fellow, and afterwards treasurer in 1663. As an opponent of the Stuarts he was obliged to remain in seclusion from the Restoration to the Revolution, when he obtained from William III. a seat at the board of trade. In 1691 he accepted the office of comptroller to the see of Canterbury; but upon a change of government in 1702, he retired to his estates in Kent, where he died in 1721. His "Familiar Letters" were published in 1767.—W. C. H.
HILL, George, D.D., Principal of St. Mary's college in the university of St. Andrews, and well known as an eclesiastical leader in Scotland at the close of the last and the commencement of the present century, was born at St. Andrews in the year 1750. His father, the Rev. John Hill, was one of the ministers of that city, at the university of which he pursued his studies. He began his academical career very early, was made a master of arts at the age of fourteen, and entered the divinity hall to prepare himself for the ministry in the Scottish Church. In his eighteenth year, 1767, he accepted an appointment as tutor in London, where he remained for a considerable time, and diligently availed himself of every opportunity of improving his education. He took particular delight thus early in cultivating the art of public speaking by frequenting the house of commons and hearing all the best speakers of the day, and by attending a debating club known as the Robin Hood Society. In 1770 he accompanied his pupil to Edinburgh, and there completed his attendance at the divinity hall. He was appointed professor of Greek in the university of St. Andrews in 1772, before he had completed his twenty-second year. In this situation he taught successfully for sixteen years, when he was transferred to St. Mary's college, in the same university, as professor of divinity in 1788; finally, in 1791, he was promoted to be principal of the same college. With these appointments in the university he conjoined the office of parish minister in the town church of St. Andrews. He was admitted second minister of the town parish in 1780; and in 1808, on the death of Dr. Adamson, he was advanced to be first minister. He died in the end of 1819 after a somewhat lingering illness. Dr. Hill i s chiefly known by his "Lectures on Divinity," edited by his son in 1821, which has been much used as a text-book for the instruction of divinity students in Scotland. Without being marked by any of the highest qualities of mind, these lectures possess great excellencies. They are clear, well arranged, and comprehensive; and especially they show great candour and balance of judgment in the discussion of the various topics which they embrace. They are learned without any affectation of learning, and thoughtful without being profound or speculative. Their author was evidently for his time an accomplished theologian; and they well deserve to hold the place they do in Scottish halls of theology. Principal Hill also published "Sermons," 1796, and Lectures upon portions of the Old Testament. His son—
Alexander Hill, D.D., also noted as a leader in the ecclesiastical courts of Scotland, was born at St. Andrews in 1785; was educated at the university, completing his curriculum for the church in 1804; and after several years' residence in Eng-
