- Athens, ancient city & modern capital, Greece.
- Athens, various towns in the United States.
- Atherton, town, England.
- Athias, Joseph, Jewish rabbi and printer.
- Athletæ, competitors in ancient games.
- Athletic Sports, contemporary.
- Athlone, town, Ireland.
- Athor, Egyptian divinity.
- Athos, peninsula and mountain, Turkey in Europe.
- Athy, town, Ireland.
- Atina, town, Italy.
- Atitlan, lake and volcano, Guatemala.
- Atlanta, town, Georgia, U.S.A.
- Atlantic Ocean.
- Atlantis, island, in Greek mythology.
- Atlas, in Greek mythology.
- Atlas, mountains, Africa.
- Atmosphere, The.
- Atmospheric Railway.
- Atom.
- Atooi, island, Sandwich Islands, Pacific.
- Atrato, river, Colombia, South America.
- Atrek, river, Persia.
- Atreus, in Greek legend.
- Atri, town, Naples.
- Atrium, in Roman and ecclesiastical architecture.
- Atrophy, disease.
- Atropos, in Greek mythology.
- Attachment, in law.
- Attainder, in English law.
- Attalia, ancient town, Asia Minor.
- Attar of Roses, perfume.
- Attention, in psychology.
- Atterbom, Per Daniel Amadeus, Swedish poet.
- Atterbury, Francis, bishop of Rochester.
- Attica, Greece.
- Atticus, Titus Pomponius, friend of Cicero.
- Atticus Herodes, Tiberius Claudius, wealthy citizen of Athens.
- Attila, king of the Huns.
- Attock, town and fort, India.
- Attorney, in law.
- Attorney-General.
- Attraction, in physics.
- Attwood, Thomas, English musical composer.
- Atwood, George, English mathematician.
- Atys, in Greek mythology.
- Aubagne, town, France.
- Aube, department, France.
- Aubenas, town, France.
- Auber, Daniel F. E., French musical composer.
- Aubin, town, France.
- Auburn, town, New York, U.S.A.
- Aubusson, town, France.
- Auch, town, France.
- Auchterarder, town, Scotland.
- Auchtermuchty, town, Scotland.
- Auckland, province, New Zealand.
- Auckland Islands, South Pacific.
- Auckland, Lord, English politician.
- Auckland, Earl of, governor-general of India.
- Auction, Sale by.
- Audæus, Syrian reformer.
- Aude, department, France.
- Audebert, Jean Baptiste, French naturalist and artist.
- Auditor, certifier of accounts.
- Audouin, Jean Victor, French naturalist.
- Audran, a family of French engravers.
- Audubon, John James, American naturalist.
- Augeias, in Greek legend.
- Augereau, Pierre François Charles, French general.
- Augsburg, town, Germany.
- Augsburg Confession (See Creeds).
- Augurs, Roman diviners.
- August, month.
- Augusta, town, Maine, U.S.A.
- Augusta, town, Georgia, U.S.A.
- Augustan History.
- Augusti, John Christian William, German theologian.
- Augustine, St, bishop of Hippo.
- Augustine, St, first archbishop of Canterbury.
- Augustinians, order of monks.
- Augustovo, town, Russian Poland.
- Augustus, Roman emperor.
- Augustus II., of Saxony and Poland.
- Augustus III. of Saxony.
- Auk, bird.
- Aulic Council, court of the empire.
- Aulis, ancient town, Greece.
- Aumale, town, France.
- Aungervyle, Richard, bishop of Durham.
- Auray, town, France.
- Aurelianus, Cælius, Roman physician.
- Aurelius Antoninus, Marcus, Roman emperor and philosopher.
- Aureola, in sacred paintings.
- Aurich, town, Prussia.
- Aurifaber, Joannes, friend of Luther.
- Aurifaber, Joannes, of Breslau, Lutheran divine.
- Aurillac, town, France.
- Aurora, Roman goddess.
- Aurora Polaris.
- Aurungabad, town, India.
- Aurungzebe, emperor of Delhi.
- Auschwitz, town, Austria.
- Auscultation, in medicine.
- Ausonius, Decimus Magnus, Roman poet.
- Auspicia, signs in divination (See Augurs).
- Aussig, town, Bohemia.
- Austen, Jane, English writer.
- Austerlitz, town, Austria.
- Austin, John, English jurist.
- Austin, Sarah Taylor, English writer.
- Australasia.
- Australia.
- Austria, European empire.
- Autochthones, in Greek mythology.
- Auto-da-fe.
- Autograph.
- Autolycus, Greek astronomer.
- Automaton, self-moving machine.
- Autun, town, France.
- Auvergne, district, France.
- Auxentius of Cappadocia, Arian theologian.
- Auxerre, town, France.
- Auxonne, town, France.
- Ava, town, Burmah.
- Avallon, town, France.
- Avatcha, volcano, Kamchatka.
- Avebury, village, England.
- Aveiro, town, Portugal.
- Avella, town, Italy.
- Avellino, town, Italy.
- Avempace, Arabian philosopher.
- Avenbrugger, Leopold, Austrian physician.
- Aventinus, German writer.
- Avenzoar, Arabian physician.
- Average, in maritime commerce.
- Avernus, lake, Italy.
- Averroes, Arabian philosopher and physician.
- Aversa, town, Italy.
- Avesnes, town, France.
- Aveyron, department, France.
- Avezzano, town, Italy.
- Avicebron, Jewish philosopher.
- Avicenna, Arabian philosopher and physician.
- Avienus, Rufus Festus, Latin poet.
- Avigliano, town, Italy.
- Avignon, town, France.
- Avila, province and town, Spain.
- Avila, Gil Gonzales d’, Spanish writer.
- Avila y Zuniga, Luis d’, Spanish historian.
- Aviles, San Nicolas de, town, Spain.
- Avoirdupois, system of weights.
- Avola, town, Sicily.
- Avon, rivers, England, Scotland, France.
- Avranches, town, France.
- Axholm, Isle of, England.
- Axiom, in philosophy.
- Axminster, town, England.
- Axum, ancient town, Abyssinia.
- Ayamonte, town, Spain.
- Aylesbury, town, England.
- Aylesford, village, England.ba
- Aylmer, John, bishop of London.
- Ayr, town, Scotland.
- Ayrer, Jacob, German dramatist.
- Ayton, Sir Robert, early Scottish poet.
- Aytoun, William Edmonstoune, Scottish man of letters.
- Azais, Pierre Hyacinthe, French writer.
- Azara, Felix de, Spanish naturalist.
- Azara, José Nicholas d’, Spanish diplomatist.
- Azeglio, Marquis d’, Italian writer and statesman.
- Azerbijan, province, Persia.
- Azimgarh, district and town, India.
- Azo, Italian writer on law.
- Azoff, town, Russia.
- Azoff, Sea of, Russia.
- Azores, islands, Atlantic Ocean.
- Azotus, town, Palestine.
- Azpeita, town, Spain.
- Aztecs, ancient people of Mexico.
- Azuni, Domenico Alberto, Italian jurist.
|
- B, the second letter of the alphabet.
- Baader, Franz Xaver von, German philosopher.
- Baal, title of Semitic deities.
- Baalbec, ancient town, Syria.
- Babatag, town, Bulgaria.
- Babbage, Charles, English mathematician.
- Babel, of Scripture.
- Bab-el-Mandeb, strait, Red Sea.
- Baber (Zehir-ed-din Mohammed), founder of Mogul dynasty.
- Babeuf, François-Noel, French socialist.
- Babi, Mohammedan sect in Persia.
- Baboons, genus of ungulate mammals.
- Babrius, or Babrias, Greek fabulist.
- Babylon, city.
- Babylonia and Assyria.
- Baccarat, town, France.
- Bacchiglione, river, Italy.
- Bacchus, Roman god (the Greek Dionysus).
- Bacchylides, Greek poet.
- Baccio della Porta, Italian painter.
- Bach, Johann-Sebastian, German musician.
- Bach, Karl Philipp Emmanuel, German musical composer.
- Bache, Alexander Dallas, American physicist.
- Bachelor.
- Bachian (Batchian), island, Indian archipelago.
- Backgammon, game.
- Backhuysen, Ludolf, Dutch painter.
- Bacon, Francis (Lord Verulam), lord chancellor of England and philosopher.
- Bacon, John, English sculptor.
- Bacon, Sir Nicholas, keeper of the great seal.
- Bacon, Roger, English philosopher and scientist.
- Baconthorpe, John, learned English monk.
- Bacsanyi, Janos, Hungarian poet.
- Bactria, or Bactriana, ancient country.
- Bacup, town, England.
- Badajos, province and town, Spain.
- Badakhshan, country, Central Asia.
- Badalocchio, Sisto (Rosa), Italian painter.
- Baden, grand-duchy, Germany.
- Baden, town, Germany.
- Baden, town, Switzerland.
- Baden, town, Austria.
- Badger, group of small carnivorous mammals.
- Badia y Leblich, Domingo, Spanish traveller.
- Badius, Jodocus or Josse, Belgian printer.
- Badminton, game.
- Badnur, town, India.
- Badrinath, town and temple, India.
- Baena, town, Spain.
- Baeza, town, Spain.
- Baffin, William, English navigator.
- Baffin’s Bay, North America.
- Bagatelle, game.
- Baggesen, Jens Emmanuel, Danish humorist.
- Baghdad, province, Asiatic Turkey.
- Baghdad, town, Asiatic Turkey.
- Baghermi, or Bagirmi, district, Central Africa.
- Baghmati, or Bagmati, river, India.
- Baglivi, Giorgio, Italian physician.
- Bagnacavallo, Bartolommeo, Italian painter.
- Bagnères-de-Bigorre, town, France.
- Bagnères-de-Luchon, town, France.
- Bagpipe, musical instrument.
- Bagration, Prince Peter, Russian general.
- Bahamas, islands, West Indies.
- Bahia, province, Brazil.
- Bahia, town, Brazil.
- Bahrdt, Karl Friedrich, German theologian.
- Bahrein, island, Persian Gulf.
- Baiæ, ancient town, Italy.
- Baiburt, town, Asiatic Turkey.
- Baif, Jean Antoine de, French poet.
- Baikal, Lake, Siberia.
- Baikie, William Balfour, African explorer.
- Bail, in law.
- Bailen, or Baylen, town, Spain.
- Bailey, or Baily, Nathaniel, English lexicographer.
- Bailey, Samuel, English philosopher.
- Baillet, Adrien, French writer.
- Bailleul, town, France.
- Baillie, Joanna, English writer.
- Bailey, Matthew, anatomist and physician.
- Baillie, Robert, Scottish Presbyterian divine.
- Bailly, Jean Sylvain, French astronomer and Revolutionist.
- Baily, Edward Hodges, English sculptor.
- Baily, Francis, English astronomer.
- Bainbridge, John, English physician and astronomer.
- Baines, Edward, English journalist.
- Baines, Matthew Talbot, English lawyer.
- Baini, Giuseppe, Italian musician.
- Bairam, Turkish festival.
- Baird, Sir David, British general.
- Baireuth, or Bayreuth, town, Bavaria.
- Baja, town, Hungary.
- Bajazet, or Bayezid, I., Turkish sultan.
- Bajazet II., Turkish sultan.
- Bajus, Michael (De Bay), Belgian theologian.
- Bajza, Joseph, Hungarian poet.
- Bakarganj, district, India.
- Baker, Henry, English physicist.
- Baker, Sir Richard, English chronicler.
- Baker, Thomas, English antiquary.
- Bakewell, town, England.
- Bakhchisarai, or Baghtchasarai, town, Russia.
- Bakhmut, town, Russia.
- Baking.
- Baku, government and town, Russia.
- Bala, town, Wales.
- Balaam, of Scripture.
- Balaghat, district, Central India.
- Balance, measuring apparatus.
- Balance of Power.
- Balasor, district & town, India.
- Balbi, Adrian, Italian geographer.
- Balbo, Cesare, Italian writer and statesman.
- Balboa, Vasco Nuñez de, Spanish navigator and explorer.
- Balbriggan, town, Ireland.
- Balde, Jakob, modern Latin poet.
- Baldi, Bernardino, Italian mathematician.
- Baldinger, Ernest Gottfried, German physician.
- Baldinucci, Filippo, Italian writer.
- Baldovinetti, Alessio, Italian painter.
- Balduinus, Jacobus, Italian jurist.
- Baldur, or Balder, Norse divinity.
- Baldus, Italian jurist.
- Baldwin, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury.
- Bale, John, bishop of Ossory.
- Balearic Islands, Spain.
- Bales, Peter, shorthand writer.
- Balfe, Michael William, musical composer.
- Balfour, Sir James, Scottish antiquary.
- Balfour, Sir James, Scottish judge.
- Balfour, Robert, Scottish scholar.
- Balfroosh, town, Persia.
- Balguy, John.
- Bali, island, Indian archipelago.
- Baliol, or Balliol, Sir John de, English baron.
- Balkan Mountains, Turkey.
- Balkh, river and province, Afghanistan.
- Ball, John, English Puritan divine.
- Ballads.
- Ballanche, Pierre Simon, French moralist.
- Ballarat, town, Australia.
- Ballari (Bellary), district and town, India.
- Ballater, village, Scotland.
- Ballenstedt, town, Germany.
- Ballet, theatrical representation.
- Ballina, town, Ireland.
- Ballinasloe, town, Ireland.
- Balloon (See Aeronautics).
- Ballot, system of voting.
- Ballycastle, town, Ireland.
- Ballymena, town, Ireland.
- Ballyshannon, town, Ireland.
- Balmez, or Balmes, Jaime Lucien, Spanish writer.
- Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
- Balnaves, Henry, Scottish Protestant.
- Balsam, oleo-resin.
- Balta, town, Russia.
- Baltard, Louis Pierre, French engraver.
- Baltic Sea.
- Baltimore, town, Maryland, U.S.A.
- Baluchistan, country, Asia.
- Balue, Jean, French cardinal.
- Baluze, Étienne, French scholar.
- Balzac, Honoré de, French novelist.
- Balzac, Jean Louis Guez de, French writer.
- Bamba, province of Congo, Africa.
- Bambarra, country, Soudan, Africa.
- Bambarra, town, Soudan, Africa.
- Bamberg, town, Bavaria.
- Bamboccio (See Laer, Peter van).
- Bamboo, plant.
- Bamborough, village, England.
- Bambouk, country, West Africa.
- Bamian, ancient town, Afghanistan.
- Bampton, John, English divine, founder of Bampton Lectures.
- Banana, plant and fruit.
- Banat, district, Hungary.
- Banbridge, town, Ireland.
- Banbury, town, England.
- Banca, island, Indian Archipelago.
- Bancroft, Richard, archbishop of Canterbury.
- Banda, district, India.
- Banda Islands, Indian Archipelago.
- Bandello, Matteo, Italian novelist.
- Bandinelli, Bartolommeo, Italian sculptor.
- Bandini, Angelo Maria, Italian writer.
- Bandon, town, Ireland.
- Banff, town, Scotland.
- Banffshire, county, Scotland.
- Bangalore, town, India.
- Bangkok, town, Siam.
- Bangor, town, Wales.
- Bangor, town, Ireland.
- Bangor, town, Maine, U.S.A.
- Banialuka, town, Turkey.
- Banim, John and Michael, Irish novelists.
- Banjarmassin, district and town, Borneo.
- Banking.
- Bankruptcy, in law.
- Banks, Sir Joseph, president of the Royal Society.
- Bankura, district and town, India.
- Bann, river, Ireland.
- Banneret, Knight, grade of knighthood.
- Bannockburn, town, Scotland.
- Banswara, tributary state, India.
- Bantam, residency, Java.
- Bantry, town, Ireland.
- Banu, district, India.
- Banyan, tree.
- Baphomet, alleged symbol of Knights Templars.
- Baptism, Christian sacrament.
- Baptistery, chapel for baptism.
- Baptists, religious denomination.
- Bar, town, Russian Poland.
- Bar-Hebræus (Abulfaragius, q.v.), Syriac and Arabic writer.
- Bar-le-Duc, town, France.
- Bar-sur-Aube, town, France.
- Bar-sur-Seine, town, France.
- Bara Banki, district, India.
- Barahat, town, India.
- Barante, Amable G. P., French statesman.
- Baranya, province, Hungary.
- Baranzano, Jean Antoine, Italian scientist.
- Barasat, town, India.
- Baratière, Jean Philip, precocious scholar.
- Baratynski, Jewgenij Abramovitch, Russian poet.
- Barbacena, town, Brazil.
- Barbados, island, West Indies.
- Barbarossa, Aruch and Khair ed-Din, Turkish corsairs.
- Barbary, country, North Africa.
- Barbastro, town, Spain.
- Barbauld, Anna Letitia, English writer.
- Barber.
- Barberini, Italian family.
- Barbeyrac, Jean, French jurist.
- Barbieri, Giovanni Francesco (Guercino), Italian painter.
- Barbieri, Paolo Antonio, Italian painter.
- Barbour, John, Scottish poet.
- Barbuda, island, West Indies.
- Barca, district, North Africa.
- Barca (El-Medinah), ancient town, Cyrenaica, North Africa.
- Barcelona, town, Spain.
- Barclay, Alexander, English poet.
- Barclay, John, author of Argenis.
- Barclay, John, Scottish anatomist.
- Barclay, John, founder of a Scottish sect.
- Barclay, Robert, Scottish Quaker and writer.
- Barclay, William, Scottish jurist.
- Barclay de Tolly, Michael, Russian general.
- Bar-Cochebas, Jewish leader.
- Bard, ancient Celtic poet.
- Bardesanes (Bar-Deisan), Gnostic and Syriac writer.
- Bardili, Christoph Gottfried, German metaphysician.
- Bardsey, island, Wales.
- Bardwan, district and town, India.
- Baréges, town, France.
- Bareli, or Bareilly, district and town, India.
- Barère de Vieuzac, Bertrand, French Revolutionist.
- Baretti, Giuseppi, Italian critic.
- Barfleur, town, France.
- Barham, Richard Harris, English humorist.
- Bari, Terra di, province and town, Italy.
- Barking, town, England.
- Barlaam and Josaphat, Sts, Story of.
- Barletta, town, Italy.
- Barley, cereal plant.
- Barlow, Joel, American poet.
- Barlow, Peter, English mathematician.
- Barmecides, Persian family.
- Barmen, town, Rhenish Prussia.
- Barnabas, St Paul’s companion.
- Barnabas, Epistle of, early Christian work (See Apostolic Fathers and Gospels).
- Barnard Castle, town, England.
- Barnaul, town, Siberia.
- Barnave, Antoine Pierre, French orator.
- Barnes, Albert, American expositor.
- Barnes, Joshua, English scholar.
- Barnet, town, England.
- Barneveldt, Jan van Olden, Dutch statesman.
- Barnsley, town, England.
- Barnstable, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
- Barnstaple, town, England.
- Barocchio, Giacomo da Vignola, Italian architect.
- Barocci, or Baroccio, Federigo, Italian painter.
- Baroda, town, India.
- Barometer.
- Baron, title of nobility.
- Baronet, title of nobility.
- Baronius, Cæsar, church historian
- Barquisimeto, town, Venezuela.
- Barr, town, Alsace, Germany.
- Barra, island, Hebrides, Scotland.
- Barrackpur, subdivision and town, India.
- Barracks, for soldiers.
- Barras, Comte de, French revolutionist.
- Barrhead, town, Scotland.
- Barri, Gerald de (Geraldus Cambrensis), ecclesiastic and historian.
- Barrington, First Viscount, theologian.
- Barristers, English legal pleaders.
- Barros, João de, Portuguese historian.
- Barrow-in-Furness, town, England.
- Barrow, Isaac, English mathematician and divine.
- Barrow, Sir John, English writer and administrator.
- Barrows, sepulchral mounds.
- Barrow’s Straits, Polar Sea.
- Barry, Sir Charles, English architect.
- Barry, James, Irish painter.
- Bars, county, Hungary.
- Bartan, town, Asiatic Turkey.
- Bartas, Guillaume de Salluste du, French poet.
- Bartfeld, or Bartfa, town, Hungary.
- Barth, Heinrich, African explorer.
- Barth, Jean, French admiral.
- Barthélemy, Auguste Marseille, French writer.
- Barthélemy, Jean Jacques, French writer.
- Barthez, or Barthès, Paul Joseph, French physician.
- Bartholinus, Gaspard, Swedish writer.
- Bartholinus, Thomas, Swedish physiologist.
- Bartholomew, St, apostle.
- Bartolini, Lorenzo, Italian sculptor.
- Bartolozzi, Francesco, Italian engraver.
- Bartolus, Italian jurist.
- Barton, Benjamin Smith, American naturalist.
- Barton, Elizabeth (Maid of Kent), religious enthusiast.
- Baruch, of Scripture.
- Barytes, or Baryta, oxide of barium.
- Base Ball, game.
- Basedow, Johann Bernard, German educationist.
- Basel (Bâle, or Basle), canton and town, Switzerland.
- Basel, The Council of (1431–43).
- Bashan, country of Scripture, in Syria.
- Bashkirs, people, Russia.
- Basil, the Great, early theologian.
- Basilica, Basilicas, in architecture.
- Basilica, Greek code of laws.
- Basilicata, province, Italy.
- Basilides, Gnostic teacher.
- Basilisk, fabulous animal.
- Basingstoke, town, England.
- Baskerville, John, English printer.
- Basket.
- Basnage, Jacques, Protestant pastor.
- Basque Provinces, Spain.
- Bass Rock, islet, Firth of Forth, Scotland.
- Bass’s Straits, Australia.
- Bassahir, state, India.
- Bassano, town, Italy.
- Bassano, Giacomo da Ponte, Italian painter.
- Basseterre, town, St Christopher, West Indies.
- Basse Terre, district and town, Guadeloupe, West Indies.
- Bassein, district & town, India.
- Basselin, Olivier, French poet.
- Bassi, Laura Maria Caterina, learned Italian lady.
- Bassianus, Joannes, Italian jurist.
- Bassoon, musical instrument.
- Basso-Rilievo (See Alto Rilievo and Relief).
- Bastar, feudatory state, India.
- Bastard.
- Basti, district and town, India.
- Bastia, town, Corsica.
- Bastiat, Frédéric.
- Bastille, fortress, Paris.
- Bastwick, John, English physician and anti-Catholic.
- Bat, chiropterous mammal.
- Batavia, town, Java.
- Bates, William, English Nonconformist divine.
- Bath, town, England.
- Bath, town, Maine, U.S.A.
- Bath, Order of the.
- Bathgate, town, Scotland.
- Baths.
- Bathurst, town, New South Wales.
- Bathurst, Earl of, English statesman.
- Bathurst, Ralph, English poet, physician, and divine.
- Bathycles, Greek sculptor.
- Baton-Rouge, town, Louisiana, U.S.A.
- Batoni, Pompeo Girolamo, Italian painter.
- Batrachia (See Amphibia).
- Batrachus, Greek architect.
- Battalion, body of infantry.
- Battas, or Battaks, race of people, Sumatra.
- Battering Ram, military engine.
- Battery, of artillery.
- Battery, in law.
- Batteux, Charles, French writer on art.
- Batticaloa, town, Ceylon.
- Battle, engagement between armies.
- Battle, town, England.
- Battus, king of Cyrene, Africa.
- Batu Islands, Sumatra.
- Batum, or Batoum, seaport, Transcaucasia, Russia.
- Baudelaire, Charles, French poet.
- Bauhin, Gaspard, French botanist.
- Bauhin, Jean, French botanist.
- Baumé, Antoine, French chemist.
- Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb, German philosopher.
- Baumgarten-Crusius, Ludwig F. O., German theologian.
- Baur, Ferdinand Christian, German theologian.
- Bautain, Louis E. M., French philosopher and theologian.
- Bautzen, town, Germany.
- Bavaria.
- Baxar, or Buxar, town, India.
- Baxter, Andrew, Scottish metaphysician.
- Baxter, Richard, English divine.
- Bayard, Pierre du Terrail, Chevalier de.
- Bayazid, town, Armenia.
- Bayeux, town, France.
- Bayle, Pierre, lexicographer.
- Bayonet, weapon (See Arms and Armour).
- Bayonne, town, France.
- Baza, town, Spain.
- Bazard, Armand, French socialist.
- Bazigars, tribe, India.
- Bazzi, Giannantonio (Il Sodoma, q.v.), Italian painter.
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- Bdellium, gum-resin.
- Beachy Head, promontory, England.
- Beaconsfield, town, England.
- Bead, ornament.
- Bean, leguminous plant.
- Bear, carnivorous mammal.
- Bear Lake, Great, Canada.
- Beard.
- Béarn, province, France.
- Beaton, David, Scottish cardinal.
- Beattie, James, Scottish poet and essayist.
- Beaucaire, town, France.
- Beauchamp, Alphonse de, French historian.
- Beaumanoir, Philippe de, French jurist.
- Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron, French dramatist.
- Beaumaris, town, Wales.
- Beaumont, Francis, English dramatist.
- Beaune, town, France.
- Beausobre, Isaac de, French Protestant writer.
- Beauvais, town, France.
- Beaver, rodent mammal.
- Beccafumi, Domenico, Italian painter.
- Beccaria, Marquis, Italian jurist and economist.
- Beccaria, Giovanni Battista, Italian astronomer.
- Beccles, town, England.
- Becerra, Gaspar, Spanish painter and sculptor.
- Bêche-de-Mer, or Trepang, edible echinoderm.
- Becher, Johann Joachim, German chemist.
- Bechwana, or Bechuanas, Negro tribes.
- Beck, David, Dutch painter.
- Becker, Wilhelm Adolf, German archæologist.
- Becket, Thomas (À Becket, Thomas, q.v.), archbishop of Canterbury.
- Beckford, William, English writer.
- Beckmann, Johann, German writer.
- Bedarrieux, town, France.
- Beddoes, Thomas, English physician.
- Beddoes, Thomas Lovell, English dramatist.
- Bede, early English historian.
- Bedell, William, bishop of Kilmore.
- Bedford, town, England.
- Bedford Level, district, England.
- Bedfordshire, county, England.
- Bednor, town, India.
- Bedouins, nomad Arabs (See Arabia).
- Bee, insect.
- Beech, tree.
- Beechey, Frederick William, Arctic explorer.
- Beechey, Sir William, English painter.
- Beelzebub.
- Beer, beverage (See Brewing).
- Beersheba, town, Palestine.
- Beet, vegetable.
- Beethoven, Ludwig van, musician.
- Beetle, insect.
- Begas, Karl, German painter.
- Begbazaar, town, Asiatic Turkey.
- Beghards & Beguines, communistic mystics.
- Behar, province, India.
- Behbehan, town, Persia.
- Behem, or Behaim, Martin, cartographer and navigator.
- Behistun, Persia, rock inscriptions at.
- Behmen, Jakob (Boehme, q.v.), German mystic.
- Behn, Aphra, English dramatist.
- Behring’s Island, North Pacific.
- Behring’s Strait.
- Beira, province, Portugal.
- Beit-el-Fakih, town, Arabia.
- Beja, town, Portugal.
- Bejar, town, Spain.
- Beke, Charles T., English traveller.
- Bekes, town, Hungary.
- Bekker, Balthazar, Dutch theologian.
- Bekker, or Wolff, Elizabeth, Dutch novelist.
- Bekker, Immanuel, German philologist.
- Bel (Baal, q.v.), Assyrian deity.
- Bel, Matthias, Hungarian historian.
- Bel and the Dragon, History of, in Apocrypha (See Apocrypha).
- Bela, town, Baluchistan.
- Belbeis, town, Upper Egypt.
- Belem (See Lisbon).
- Belfast, town, Ireland.
- Belfort, town, France.
- Belgam, or Belgaum, district, India.
- Belgium.
- Belgrade, town, Servia.
- Belief.
- Belisarius, Byzantine general.
- Belize, town, British Honduras.
- Belknap, Jeremy, American writer.
- Bell, and bell manufacture.
- Bell, Andrew, English educationist.
- Bell, Sir Charles, English anatomist.
- Bell, George Joseph, Scottish jurist.
- Bell, Henry, Scottish mechanician.
- Bell, Henry Glassford, Scottish writer.
- Bell, John, Scottish traveller.
- Bell, John, Scottish anatomist and surgeon.
- Bell, Robert, editor of British poets.
- Bella, Stefano de la, Italian engraver.
- Belladonna, plant.
- Bellai, Guillaume du, French general and writer.
- Bellamy, Jacobus, Dutch poet.
- Bellarmine, Robert F. R., cardinal.
- Bellay, Joachim du, French poet.
- Belle-Isle-en-Mer, island, west of France.
- Belleau, Rémy, French pastoral poet.
- Bellenden, John, Scottish poet.
- Bellenden, William, French classical scholar.
- Bellerophon, in Greek legend.
- Belleville, town, Ontario, Canada.
- Belley, town, France.
- Bellini, family of Italian painters.
- Bellini, Lorenzo, Italian anatomist.
- Bellini, Vincenzo, Italian musical composer.
- Bellinzona, town, Switzerland.
- Bellman, Carl Mikael, Swedish poet.
- Bellona, in Roman mythology.
- Bellot, Joseph René, French Arctic explorer.
- Bellows.
- Belluno, town, Italy.
- Belon, Pierre, French naturalist.
- Belpasso, town, Sicily.
- Belper, town, England.
- Belsham, Thomas, English Unitarian writer.
- Belsham, William, English political writer.
- Belshazzar, of Scripture.
- Belt, Great and Little, straits, Denmark.
- Beltane, or Beltein, Celtic festival.
- Beluchistan (Baluchistan, q.v.).
- Belvedere, town, Italy.
- Belzoni, Giovanni Battista, explorer of Egypt.
- Bembo, Pietro, cardinal.
- Benares, division, district, and town, India.
- Benavente, town, Spain.
- Benbow, John, English admiral.
- Bench, legal term.
- Benchers, English lawyers.
- Bencoolen, town, Sumatra.
- Bender, town, Russia.
- Bender-Abbasi (Bandar Abbas), town, Persia.
- Benedict, St, founder of order of monks.
- Benedict, popes.
- Benefice, Ecclesiastical.
- Beneke, Friedrich Eduard, German philosopher.
- Benevento, town, Italy.
- Bengal, lieutenant-governorship, India.
- Bengazi, town, North Africa.
- Bengel, John Albert, German Biblical scholar.
- Benguela, country, West Africa.
- Benicarlo, town, Spain.
- Benin, country, West Africa.
- Benjamin, of Scripture.
- Benjamin of Tudela, Jewish rabbi.
- Bennet, Henry, earl of Arlington, English statesman.
- Bennet, James Gordon, American journalist.
- Bennet, Sir William Sterndale, English musical composer.
- Benserade, Isaac de, French poet.
- Benson, George, English divine.
- Bentham, Jeremy, English writer on politics and jurisprudence.
- Bentinck, Lord William George F. C., English statesman.
- Bentivoglio, Giovanni, Bolognese statesman.
- Bentivoglio, Guido, cardinal.
- Benteley, Richard, English scholar.
- Benzoic Acid, in chemistry.
- Benzoin, gum.
- Béranger, Pierre Jean de, French poet.
- Berar, province, India.
- Bérard, Frédéric, French physician.
- Berber, town, Egypt.
- Berbera, town, Eastern Africa.
- Berbice, county, British Guiana (See Guiana).
- Berchem, or Berghem, Nicolas, Dutch painter.
- Berchtesgaden, or Berchtolsgaden, town, Bavaria.
- Berdiansk, town, Russia.
- Berdicheff, town, Russian Poland.
- Berengarius, of Tours, theologian and scholastic philosopher.
- Berenice, wife of Ptolemy Euergetes of Egypt.
- Berenice, daughter of Agrippa I. of Judæa.
- Berezina, river, Russia.
- Berezoff, town, Siberia.
- Berg, duchy, Germany.
- Bergama (Pergamum, q.v.), town, Asia Minor.
- Bergamo, province & town, Italy.
- Bergamot, Oil of.
- Bergen, town, Norway.
- Bergen-op-Zoom, town, Holland.
- Bergerac, town, France.
- Bergmann, or Bergman, Torbern Olof, Swedish chemist and naturalist.
- Berkeley, town, England.
- Berkeley, George, bishop of Cloyne, philosopher.
- Berkhampstead, Great, town, England.
- Berkshire, county, England.
- Berlin, capital of Prussia.
- Berlioz, Hector, French musical composer.
- Bermudas, islands, Atlantic Ocean.
- Bern, canton and town, Switzerland.
- Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules, French general and king of Sweden.
- Bernard, St, of Clairvaux, mediæval philosopher and theologian.
- Bernard, James, Dutch divine.
- Bernard, Simon, French general.
- Bernardin, St, of Siena.
- Bernay, town, France.
- Bernburg, town, Germany.
- Berne (Bern, q.v.), canton and town, Switzerland.
- Berners, Juliana, English writer on field-sports.
- Berni, Francesco, Italian poet.
- Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo, Italian architect and sculptor.
- Bernoulli (or Bernouilli), family of mathematicians and scientists.
- Berosus, Chaldæan historian and chronologist.
- Berri, Duc de, son of Charles X. of France.
- Berryer, Pierre Antoine, French advocate and orator.
- Berthollet, Claude Louis, French chemist.
- Berthoud, Ferdinand, Swiss chronometer-maker.
- Bertinoro, town, Italy.
- Berwick, Duke of, marshal of France.
- Berwick-upon-Tweed, town, England.
- Berwickshire, county, Scotland.
- Beryl, mineral and precious stone.
- Berzelius, Jöns Jakob, Swedish chemist.
- Bes, Egyptian god.
- Besançon, town, France.
- Beskow, Baron von, Swedish dramatist.
- Bessarabia, government, Russia.
- Bessarion, Johannes, cardinal.
- Bessèges, town, France.
- Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm, Prussian astronomer.
- Betel Nut.
- Bethany, town, Palestine.
- Bethel, town, Palestine.
- Bethesda, pool near Jerusalem.
- Bethlehem, town, Palestine.
- Béthune, town, France.
- Betlis, town, Armenia.
- Betterton, Thomas, English actor and dramatist.
- Bettinelli, Saverio, Italian writer.
- Betting, law relating to.
- Betul, district, India.
- Betwa, river, India.
- Beudant, François Sulpice, French mineralogist.
- Beulé, Charles Ernest, French archæologist.
- Beuthen, town, Germany.
- Beuthen, Nieder, town, Germany.
- Beverley, town, England.
- Beverley, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
- Beverley, John of, archbishop of York.
- Bewdley, town, England.
- Bewick, Thomas, English wood-engraver.
- Beyle, Marie Henri (De Stendhal), French writer.
- Beyrout, town, Syria.
- Beza, Theodore, French scholar.
- Béziers, town, France.
- Bézique, game.
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- Bhagalpur, district and town, India.
- Bhamo, town, Burmah.
- Bhandara, district and town, India.
- Bhang, Indian hemp, and narcotic drug from it.
- Bharaich, district, India.
- Bhartpur, or Bhurtpore, native state & town, India.
- Bhatgaon, town, Nepal, India.
- Bhatniar (Bhattis), people, India.
- Bhawalpur, state, India.
- Bhil, British political agency, India.
- Bhopal, state, India.
- Bhutan, or Bhotan, state, India.
- Biafra, country, West Africa.
- Bianchini, Francis, Italian astronomer.
- Biarritz, town, France.
- Bias of Priene, one of the seven sages of Greece.
- Biberach, town, Würtemberg.
- Bibirine, vegetable alkaloid.
- Bible, The.
- Bible Societies.
- Bibliography.
- Bibulus, family of Roman generals and consuls.
- Bichat, Marie François Xavier, French anatomist.
- Bicycle.
- Bida, town Soudan, Africa.
- Biddle, John, English Unitarian.
- Bideford, town, England.
- Bidpai, Hindu fabulist.
- Biel (Bienne), town, Switzerland.
- Biel, Gabriel, German scholastic philosopher.
- Bielau, village, Prussia.
- Bielaya Tserkov, town, Russia.
- Bielefeld, town, Westphalia.
- Bieleff, or Byeleff, town, Russia.
- Bielgorod, town, Russia.
- Bielitz, town, Austria.
- Biella, town, Italy.
- Bielopoli, town, Russia.
- Bielostok, town, Russia.
- Bienhoa, town, Cochin China.
- Biezhetz, or Byezhetsk, town, Russia.
- Bigamy.
- Bignon, Jerome, French lawyer.
- Bigordi, Domenico (Ghirlandajo, q.v.), Italian painter.
- Bijainagar, ancient town, India.
- Bijapur, state and town, India.
- Bijnaur, district and town, India.
- Bikanir, state, India.
- Bilaspur, district, India.
- Bilbao, town, Spain.
- Bilderdijk, Willem, Dutch poet.
- Bile, in physiology (See Physiology).
- Bilfinger, George Bernhard, German philosopher and administrator.
- Bill.
- Billeting.
- Billiards, game.
- Billiton, island, Indian Archipelago.
- Bilsa, town, India.
- Bilston, or Bilsreton, town, England.
- Bingen, town, Germany.
- Bingham, Joseph, English scholar.
- Bingley, town, England.
- Binney, Thomas, English preacher.
- Bintang, island, Indian Archipelago.
- Biology.
- Bion, Greek poet.
- Biot, Jean Baptiste, French physicist.
- Bir, town, Asiatic Turkey.
- Birbhum, district and town, India.
- Birch, tree.
- Birch, Thomas, English writer.
- Bird, William, English musical composer.
- Birds.
- Birds of Paradise.
- Birkbeck, George, English philanthropist.
- Birkenhead, town, England.
- Birmingham, town, England.
- Biron, Armand, duke of, marshal of France.
- Biron, Charles, duke of, French admiral.
- Birs Nimrud, part of Babylon (See Babylon).
- Bisaccia, town, Italy.
- Biscay, province, Spain.
- Biscay, Bay of.
- Bisceglia, town, Italy.
- Bischweiler, town, Alsace, Germany.
- Biscuits, Manufacture of (See Baking).
- Bishop.
- Bishop, Sir Henry Rowley, English musical composer.
- Bishop-Auckland, town, England.
- Bishop-Stortford, town, England.
- Bishopwearmouth, suburb of Sunderland, England.
- Biskara, or Biskra, town, Algeria.
- Bismuth, chemical element.
- Bison, ungulate mammal.
- Bithynia, province, Asia Minor.
- Bitonto, town, Italy.
- Bitsch, town, Lorraine, Germany.
- Bittern, bird.
- Bitters, alcoholic beverage.
- Bitumen, mineral (See Asphalt).
- Bizerta, town, Tunis, North Africa.
- Black, Joseph, chemist.
- Black Forest, Germany.
- Black Sea.
- Blackbird, bird.
- Blackburn, town, England.
- Blackcock, bird.
- Blacklock, Thomas, Scottish poet and divine.
- Blackpool, town, England.
- Blackstone, Sir William, English jurist.
- Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de, French naturalist.
- Blair, Port, town, Andaman Islands.
- Blair, Hugh, Scottish preacher and writer.
- Blair, Egbert.
- Blake, Robert, English admiral.
- Blake, William, English poet and painter.
- Blanc, Mont, Alps.
- Blane, Sir Gilbert, British physician.
- Blañes, town, Spain.
- Blarney, village, Ireland.
- Blasphemy.
- Blasting.
- Bleaching.
- Bleek, Friedrich, German Biblical scholar.
- Bleek, Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel, African traveller and scholar.
- Blenheim, village, Bavaria.
- Blenheim House, Oxford, England.
- Blessington, Countess of, English writer.
- Blicher, Steen Steensen, Danish writer.
- Blidah, town, Algeria.
- Bligh, William, English admiral and explorer.
- Blind, The.
- Bloch, Mark Eliezer, German naturalist.
- Block Machinery.
- Blockade, in war.
- Blois, town, France.
- Blomfield, Charles James, bishop of London.
- Blondel, David, French Protestant clergyman.
- Blood (See Anatomy and Physiology).
- Blood, Thomas (Colonel), Parliamentarian officer.
- Bloomfield, Robert, English poet.
- Blount, Charles, English writer.
- Blow, John, English musical composer.
- Blowpipe.
- Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von, Prussian field-marshal.
- Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, German physiologist.
- Boa, family of serpents.
- Boadicea, British queen.
- Boar, Wild, family of mammals.
- Boatbuilding (Ship-building, q.v.).
- Bobruisk, town, Russia.
- Boccaccio, Giovanni, Italian writer.
- Boccalini, Trajano, Italian satirist.
- Bochart, Samuel, Oriental scholar.
- Bochnia, town, Austria.
- Bochum, town, Prussia.
- Bode, Johann Elert, German astronomer.
- Bodin, Jean, French economist.
- Bodley, Sir Thomas, founder of Bodleian library.
- Bodmin, town, England.
- Bodoni, Giambattista, Italian painter.
- Boece, Hector, Scottish historian.
- Boeckh, August, German scholar.
- Boehme, Jakob, German mystic.
- Bœotia, country, ancient Greece.
- Boerhaave, Hermann, Dutch physician.
- Boetius, Anicius Manlius Severinus, Roman statesman and philosopher.
- Boghaz-Keuy, town, Asia Minor.
- Bogodukhoff, town, Russia.
- Bogomili, heretical sect, Greek Church.
- Bogota, capital of Colombia.
- Bogra, district, India.
- Bohaddin, or Boha-Eddyn, Arabian writer and statesman.
- Bohemia.
- Bohemond, Marc, crusader.
- Boiardo, Matteo Maria, Italian poet.
- Boieldieu, François Adrien, French musical composer.
- Boii, ancient Celtic people.
- Boileau-Despreaux, Nicolas, French writer.
- Boiler, for steam-engine (See Steam Engine).
- Bois-le-Duc, town, Holland.
- Boissard, Jean Jacques, French scholar.
- Boissonade, Jean François, French scholar.
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