SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
BULLETIN
OF THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
No. 50.
Part V.
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WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1911.
THE BIRDS
OF
NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA:
A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE
OF THE
HIGHER GROUPS, GENERA, SPECIES, AND SUBSPECIES OF BIRDS
KNOWN TO OCCUR IN NORTH AMERICA, FROM THE
ARCTIC LANDS TO THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA,
THE WEST INDIES AND OTHER ISLANDS
OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA, AND THE
GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO.
BY
Robert Ridgway,
CURATOR, DIVISION OF BIRDS.
Part V.
Family PTEROPTOCHIDÆ—The Tapaculos.
Family FORMICARIIDÆ—The Antbirds.
Family FURNARIIDÆ—The Ovenbirds.
Family DENDROCOLAPTIDÆ—The Woodhewers.
Family TROCHILIDÆ—The Humming Birds.
Family MICROPODIDÆ—The Swifts.
Family TROGONIDÆ—The Trogons.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1911.
PREFACE.
Circumstances have retarded the completion of the present volume, chief among which were interruption by field work (including a second visit to Costa Rica), occasional periods of illness, and the specially difficult character of some of the included groups; furthermore, one large family (the Woodpeckers, Picidæ) was worked up and even set in type, but was finally omitted because its inclusion would increase the bulk of the volume far beyond a convenient size. It will, therefore, be included in Part VI.
The Families included in this and preceding volumes are as follows:
Part I, issued October 24, 1901, included the Family Fringillidæ (Finches) alone.
Part II, issued October 16, 1902, included the Families Tanagridæ (Tanagers), Icteridæ (Troupials), Coerebidæ (Honey Creepers), and Mniotiltidæ (Wood Warblers).
Part III, published December 31, 1904, included the Motacillidæ (Wagtails and Pipits), Hirundinidæ (Swallows), Ampelidæ (Wax-wings), Ptilogonatidæ (Silky Flycatchers), Dulidæ (Palm Chats), Vireonidæ (Vireos), Laniidæ (Shrikes), Corvidæ (Crows and Jays), Paridæ (Titmice), Sittidæ (Nuthatches), Certhiidæ (Creepers), Troglodytidæ (Wrens), Cinclidæ (Dippers), Chamæidæ (Wren-Tits), and Sylviidæ (Warblers).
Part IV, issued July 1, 1907, contained the remaining groups of Oscines, namely, the Families Turdidæ (Thrushes), Zeledoniidæ (Wren-Thrushes), Mimidæ (Mockingbirds), Sturnidæ (Starlings), Ploceidæ (Weaver Birds), and Alaudidæ (Larks), together with the Haploophonæ or Oligomyodian Mesomyodi, comprising the Families Oxyruncidæ (Sharp-bills), Tyrannidæ (Tyrant Flycatchers), Pipridæ (Manakins), and Cotingidæ (Chatterers).
The present volume contains the Tracheophone Mesomyodi, represented by the Families Pteroptochidæ (Tapaculos), Formicariidæ (Antbirds), Furnariidæ (Ovenbirds), and Dendrocolaptidæ (Wood-hewers), together with the Macrochires, containing the Families Trochilidæ (Humming Birds) and Micropodidæ (Swifts), and the Heterodactylæ, represented only by the Family Trogonidæ (Trogons).
The number of species and subspecies described in the five volumes is 2,038, with 351 additional extralimital forms characterized in the "keys." About 1,150 to 1,200 forms remain to be treated in subsequent parts of the work.
Acknowledgments for the loan of specimens for use in the preparation of the present volume are due to the same individuals and public institutions as have already been named in previous volumes; also to Mr. C. H. Lankester, of Cachí, Costa Rica, who kindly placed the Tracheophones of his fine collection of Costa Rican birds at the author's service.
To Señor Don José C. Zeledón, of San José, Costa Rica, the author is specially indebted for most generous help, at considerable expense to himself, in making a very fine collection of the birds of that country, which proved of incalculable value in the preparation of this work.
Dr. C. W. Richmond, Assistant Curator, and Mr. J. H. Riley, Aid, of the Division of Birds, U. S. National Museum, have rendered invaluable assistance; Dr. Richmond through his special knowledge of ornithological bibliography and his extremely useful and very complete card catalogue of generic and specific names, made at "first hand," or directly from the publication in which each name was first published, as well as by carefully scanning the proof sheets with particular reference to correctness of citations in the synonymy; Mr. Riley, by copying references from various publications, but especially through having performed the tedious task of measuring several thousands of specimens.[1]
There has been some criticism of the present work on the ground that certain books, local lists, and other publications have not been cited in the synonymies. The omission of these is very much regretted by the author, who in explanation, if not justification, would state that it has been quite impossible for him to cover the whole field; that the literature of ornithology is so vast, and increasing so rapidly, that to bring the bibliography and synonymy of all the species up to date and keep it so would require all the time that any one individual could possibly give to it; and that since much the greater part of this labor (which has justly been termed "the drudgery of ornithology") has been done by the author himself, very largely in his own time (which means during hours which should have been given to rest or recreation), he hopes that critics may be lenient as to this shortcoming of the work.
A matter which has called forth wholly unexpected criticism is the necessarily irregular manner in which brief descriptions of nests and eggs are interspersed through the pages of this work. That the purpose of these "vague and scattered descriptions" might be misunderstood by anyone was a possibility which did not occur to the author; on the contrary, their intent seemed so self-evident that explanation was not thought of. Since, however, one writer does not "see how they can be of much use to the student of oölogy," and inquires why, "if considered of value — were they not given uniformly throughout the work," it may be stated here that these brief descriptions are given only (or at least mainly) in cases where some particular style of nest or coloration of eggs is characteristic of a group (family or genus), as a sort of accessory or supplemental group character,[2] and that the numerous instances of their omission result either from the absence of anything specially characteristic or distinctive or else (as is often the case among the tropical forms) from lack of information on the subject. Placing the accent marks to names of localities in Mexico and other parts of Spanish America may possibly be criticized on the ground of inexpediency or that of irregularity in following the rules governing such cases; but the author has been led to do so by the apparent natural tendency of English-speaking people to sadly mispronounce such names, even when spelled precisely the same in Spanish and English; for example: Bogotá (Bo-go-tah′), Davíd (Dah-veed′), Ecuadór (Ek-wah-dōr′), Salvadór (Sal-vah-dōr′), Generál (Hen-er- ahl′), and Trinidád (Tre-ne-dad′), which in English (at least com- monly) are pronounced Bo-gó-tah, Da′-vid, Ek′-wa-dor, Sal′-va-dor, Gén-er-al and Trín-i-dad, respectively. There are, of course, definite rules of accentuation in the Spanish language, but these are unknown to most Americans and other English-speaking people, and therefore the accent is frequently given where the rules do not require it. In a majority of cases, where the accent mark does not appear the accent is normal, that is, the emphasis falls on the penultimate syllable.[3] Other cases where the accent is omitted are those words in which the Spanish accent agrees with the prevalent English one; as Nicaragua, Venzeuela, Yucatan, etc. In one case (that of Santa F6) general usage is followed, although the accent mark is, of course, wholly superfluous in a word of only one syllable.
July 26, 1911.
- ↑ The number of specimens examined during the preparation of this volume is as follows:
Collection of the U. S. National Museum....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4,846 Collection of the Biological Survey....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1,118 Collection of the American Museum of Natural History....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2,255 Collection of the Carnegie Museum....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1,358 Collection of the Field Museum of Natural History....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................478 Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................170 Collection of the Boston Society of Natural History....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 Collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2,097 Collection of the Museo Nacionál, Costa Rica....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................66 Collection of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 Collection of A. E. and O. Bangs, Boston....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1,877 Collection of C. H. Lankester, Cachí, Costa Rica....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................83
14,358 - ↑ For example, see genera Petrochelidon, Dulus, Psaltriparus, and Regulus, and family Vireonidæ, pages 45, 126, 424, 698, and 129, in Part III.
- ↑ It should be remembered that each vowel represents a distinct syllable in every Spanish word; "pié" is not py, for instance, but pe-ā′.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
- Page.
Superfamily Mesomyodi[1] 1 Characters of the Tracheophone Mesomyodi 1 Key to the Families of Tracheophonæ 3 Family Pteroptochidæ 4 Genus 1. Scytalopus Gould 5 1. Scytalopus argentifrons Ridgway 7 Family Formicariidæ 8 Key to the Genera of Formicariidæ 10 Genus 1. Cymbilaimus Gray 18 1. Cymbilaimus lineatus fasciatus Ridgway 19 Genus 2. Thamnistes Sclater and Salvin 21 2. Thamnistes anabatinus anabatinus Sclater and Salvin 22 3. Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus Ridgway 23 Genus 3. Abalius Cabanis 24 4. Abalius bridgesi (Sclater) 25 Genus 4. Taraba Lesson 27 5. Taraba transandeana transandeana (Sclater) 28 Genus 5. Hypolophus Cabanis and Heine 32 6. Hypolophus canadensis pulchellus (Cabanis and Heine) 33 Genus 6. Thamnophilus Vieillot 34 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Thamnophilus 35 7. Thamnophilus radiatus nigricristatus (Lawrence) 37 8. Thamnophilus doliatus mexicanus Allen 40 9. Thamnophilus doliatus pacificus Ridgway 43 10. Thamnophilus doliatus yucatanensis Ridgway 44 11. Thamnophilus multistriatus Lafresnaye 45 12. Thamnophilus virgatus virgatus Lawrence 46 Genus 7. Erionotus Cabanis and Heine 47 Key to the Subspecies of Erionotus punctatus 49 13. Erionotus punctatus atrinucha (Salvin and Godman) 49 14. Erionotus punctatus gorgonse (Thayer and Bangs) 52 Genus 8. Dysithamnus Cabanis 52 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Dysithamnus 54 15. Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis Ridgway 55 16. Dysithamnus puncticeps Salvin 58 17. Dysithamnus striaticeps Lawrence 59 Genus 9. Myrmotherula Sclater 60 Key to the Species of Myrmotherula 62 18. Myrmotherula surinamensis (Gmelin) 62 19. Myrmotherula pygmæa (Gmelin) 64 - Page.
Genus 10. Myrmopagis Ridgway 65 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Myrmopagis 67 20. Myrmopagis melæna (Sclater) 68 21. Myrmopagis schisticolor (Lawrence) 70 22. Myrmopagis fulviventris (Lawrence) 73 Genus 11. Microrhopias Sclater 75 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Microrhopias 76 23. Mcrorhopias boucardi boucardi (Sclater) 78 24. Microrhopias boucardi virgata (Lawrence) 79 25. Microrhopias boucardi consobrina (Sclater) 80 26. Microrhopias grisæ alticincta (Bangs) 81 Genus 12. Terenura Cabanis and Heine 83 27. Terenura callinota (Sclater) 84 Genus 13. Ramphocænus Vieillot 84 28. Ramphocænus rufiventris rufiventris (Bonapaile) 85 Genus 14. Microbates Sclater and Salvin 88 29. Microbates cervineiventris semitorquatus (Lawrence) 89 Genus 15. Cercomacra Sclater 90 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Cercomacra 91 30. Cercomacra nigricans Sclater 91 31. Cercomacra tyrannina tyrannina (Sclater) 93 32. Cercomacra tyrannina crepera (Bangs) 95 Genus 16. Gymnocichla Sclater 97 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Gymnocichla 98 33. Gymnocichla nudiceps nudiceps (Cassin) 99 34. Gymnocichla nudiceps erratilis Bangs 101 35. Gymnocichla chiroleuca Sclater and Salvin 101 Genus 17. Myrmeciza Gray 103 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Myrmeciza 105 36. Myrmeciza boucardi panamensis Ridgway 107 37. Myrmeciza læmosticta Salvin 109 38. Myrmeciza cassini (Ridgway) 110 39. Myrmeciza exsul exsul Sclater 111 40. Myrmeciza exsul occidentalis (Cherrie) 113 41. Myrmeciza zeledoni Ridgway 114 Genus 18. Formicarius Boddaert 115 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Formicarius 117 42. Formicarius analis nigricapillus (Ridgway) 118 43. Formicarius moniliger moniliger Sclater 119 44. Formicarius moniliger intermedius Ridgway 121 45. Formicarius moniliger pallidus (Lawrence) 121 46. Formicarius moniliger umbrosus (Ridgway) 122 47. Formicarius moniliger hoffmanni (Cabanis) 123 48. Formicarius moniliger panamensis Ridgway 124 49. Formicarius rufipectus Salvin 125 Genus 19. Hylophylax Ridgway 126 50. Hylophylax nævioides (Lafresnaye) 128 Genus 20. Anoplops Cabanis and Heine 130 Key to the Species of Anoplops 131 51. Anoplops bicolor (Lawrence) 132 52. Anoplops olivascens (Ridgway) 132 Genus 21. Phænostictus Ridgway 134 53. Phænostictus mcleannani mcleannani (Lawrence) 135 54. Phænostictus mcleannani satinatus (Richmond) 136 - Page.
Genus 22. Rhopoterpe Cabanis 138 Key to the Species of Rhopoterpe 138 55. Rhopoterpe stictoptera Salvin 139 Genus 23. Pittasoma Cassin 140 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Pittasoma 141 56. Pittasoma michleri michleri Cassin 141 57. Pittasoma michleri zeledoni Ridgway 142 Genus 24. Grallaricula Sclater 143 Key to the Species of Grallaricula 144 58. Grallaricula costaricensis Lawrence 145 Genus 25. Grallaria Vieillot 146 Key to the Subspecies of Grallaria guatimalensis 147 59. Grallaria guatimalensis guatimalensis Prévost and Des Murs 148 60. Grallaria guatimalensis princeps (Sclater and Salvin) 149 61. Grallaria guatimalensis mexicana (Sclater) 150 62. Grallaria guatimalensis ochraceiventris Nelson 151 Genus 26. Hylopezus Ridgway 152 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Hylopezus 153 63. Hylopezus dives (Salvin) 154 64. Hylopezus perspiciliatus perspicillatus (Lawrence) 155 65. Hylopezus perspicillatus lizanoi (Cherrie) 156 66. Hylopezus perspicillatus intermedius (Ridgway) 156 Family Furnariidæ 157 Key to the Central American Genera of Furnariidæ 159 Genus 1. Sclerurus Swainson 163 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Sclerurus 164 1. Sclerurus canigularis Ridgway 166 2. Sclerurus mexicanus mexicanus Sclater 166 3. Sclerurus mexicanus pullus Bangs 168 4. Sclerurus guatemalensis (Hartlaub) 169 Genus 2. Xenops Illiger 170 Key to the Species of Xenops 172 5. Xenops genibarbis mexicanus (Sclater) 172 6. Xenops rutilus heterurus (Cabanis and Heine) 175 Genus 3. Margarornis Reichenbach 177 7. Margarornis rubiginosa Lawrence 178 Genus 4. Premnoplex Cherrie 180 Key to the Subspecies of Premnoplex brunnescens 181 8. Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda (Lawrence) 181 Genus 5. Acrorchilus Ridgway 183 Key to the Species of Acrorchilus 184 9. Acrorchilus erythrops rufigenis (Lawrence) 184 Genus 6. Synallaxis Vieillot 186 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Synallaxis 188 10. Synallaxis erythrothorax Sclater 189 11. Synallaxis pudica pudica Sclater 191 12. Synallaxis pudica nigrifumosa (Lawrence) 192 13. Synallaxis albescens latitabunda Bangs 194 14. Synallaxis albescens hypoleuca Ridgway 195 Genus 7. Pseudocolaptes Reichenbach 196 Key to the Species of Pseudocolaptes 197 15. Pseudocolaptes lawrencii Ridgway 197 - Page.
Genus 8. Hyloctistes Ridgway 199 16. Hyloctistes virgatus (Lawrence) 200 Genus 9. Philydor Spix 201 Key to the Species of Philydor 202 17. Philydor panerythrus Sclater 203 18. Philydor fuscipennis Salvin 204 Genus 10. Xenicopsis Cabanis 205 Key to the Species of Xenicopsis 206 19. Xenicopsis variegaticeps (Sclater) 207 20. Xenicopsis subalaris linætus (Lawrence) 209 Genus 11. Automolus Reichenbach 211 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Automolus 213 - 21. Automolus rubiginosus Sclater
214 - 22. Automolus veræpacis veræpacis Salvin and Godman
214 - 22. Automolus veræpacis umbrinus (Salvin and Godman)
215 - 23. Automolus guerrerensis Salvin and Godman
216 - 24. Automolus fumosus Salvin and Godman
216 - 25. Automolus cervinigularis cervinigularis Sclater
217 - 26. Automolus cervinigularis hypophæus Ridgway
219 - 27. Automolus pallidigularis pallidigularis Lawrence
220 - 28. Automolus pallidigularis exsertus Bangs
221 Genus 12. Rhopoctites Ridgway 222 29. Rhopoctites rufobrunneus (Lawrence) 223 Family Dendeocolaptidæ 224 Key to the Genera of Dendrocolaptidæ 226 Genus 1. Dendrocolaptes Hermann 227 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Dendrocolaptes 229 1. Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomæ sancti-thomæ (Lafresnaye) 229 2. Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomæ hesperius Bangs 232 3. Dendrocolaptes puncticollis Sclater and Salvin 232 4. Dendrocolaptes validus costaricensis Ridgway 233 Genus 2. Xiphocolaptes Lesson 235 Key to the Subspecies of Xiphocolaptes emigrans 236 5. Xiphocolaptes emigrans emigrans Sclater and Salvin 237 6. Xiphocolaptes emigrans sclateri (Ridgway) 238 7. Xiphocolaptes emigrans omiltemensis Nelson 239 8. Xiphocolaptes emigrans costaricensis Ridgway 239 Genus 3. Xiphorhynchus Swainson 239 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Xiphorhynchus 240 - 9. Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus lachrymosus (Lawrence)
242 - 10. Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus eximius (Hellmayr)
243 - 11 . Xiphorhynchus flavigaster flavigaster Swainson
244 - 12. Xiphorhynchus flavigaster mentalis (Lawrence)
247 - 13. Xiphorhynchus flavigaster megarhynchus (Nelson)
248 - 14. Xiphorhynchus flavigaster yucatanensis Ridgway
248 - 15. Xiphorhynchus striatigularis (Richmond)
249 - 16. Xiphorhynchus nanus nanus (Lawrence)
250 - 17. Xiphorhynchus nanus costaricensis (Ridgway)
252 - 18. Xiphorhynchus nanus confinis (Bangs)
253 - 19. Xiphorhynchus erythropygius (Sclater)
254 - 20. Xiphorhynchus punctigulus punctigulus (Ridgway)
255 - 21. Xiphorhynchus punctigulus insolitus Ridgway
257 - Page.
Genus 4. Picolaptes Lesson 257 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Picolaptes 259 22. Picolaptes leucogaster (Swainson) 259 23. Picolaptes affinis affinis (Lafresnaye) 261 24. Picolaptes affinis neglectus Ridgway 263 25. Picolaptes lineaticeps lineaticeps Lafresnaye 264 26. Picolaptes lineaticeps compressus (Cabanis) 265 27. Picolaptes lineaticeps insignis (Nelson) 266 Genus 5. Campylorhamphus Bertoni 268 Key to the Species of Campylorhamphus 269 28. Campylorhamphus venezuelensis (Chapman) 271 29. Campylorhamphus borealis (Carriker) 272 Genus 6. Glyphorhynchus Maximilian 274 Key to the Subspecies of Glyphorhynchus cuneatus 275 30. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus pectoralis (Sclater) 275 Genus 7. Sittasomus Swainson 277 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Sittasomus 279 31. Sittasomus sylvioides sylvioides Lafresnaye 280 32. Sittasomus sylvioides levis (Bangs) 282 33. Sittasomus sylvioides jaliscensis Nelson 283 Genus 8. Deconychura Cherrie 283 Key to the Species of Deconychura 284 34. Deconychura typica Cherrie 285 Genus 9. Dendrocincla Gray 286 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Dendrocincla 287 35. Dendrocincla anabatina anabatina Sclater 288 36. Dendrocincla anabatina typhla Oberholser 290 37. Dendrocincla anabatina saturata Carriker 290 38. Dendrocincla lafresnayei ridgwayi Oberholser 291 39. Dendrocincla homochroa homochroa (Sclater) 293 40. Dendrocincla homochroa acedesta Oberholser 294 41. Dendrocincla homochroa ruficeps (Sclater and Salvin) 295 Order Coraciipormes 295 Key to the Suborders of Coraciiformes 297 Suborder Macrochires 298 Key to the Superfamilies of Macrochires 299 Superfamily Trochili 300 Family Trochilidæ 300 Key to the North and Middle American and more closely related South American Genera of Trochilidæ 303 Genus 1. Eutoxeres Reichenbach 310 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Eutoxeres 311 1. Eutoxeres aquila salvini (Gould) 312 Genus 2. Phœthornis Swainson 314 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Phœthornis 315 2. Phœthornis guyi coruscus Bangs 317 3. Phœthornis longirostris longirostris (Delattre) 319 4. Phœthornis longirostris cephalus (Bourcier and Mulsant) 321 5. Phœthornis longirostris veræcrucis Ridgway 323 6. Phœthornis longirostris mexicanus (Hartert) 323 7. Phœthornis anthophilus hyalinus (Bangs) 324 8. Phœthornis adolphi adolphi Gould 324 9. Phœthornis adolphi saturatus Ridgway 326 10. Phœthornis striigularis striigularis (Gould) 327 - Page.
Genus 3. Glaucis Boie 329 Key to the Subspecies of Glaucis hirsuta 330 11. Glaucis hirsuta hirsuta (Gmelin) 330 12. Glaucis hirsuta affinis (Lawrence) 333 13. Glaucis hirsuta ænea (Lawrence) 334 Genus 4. Threnetes Gould 336 14. Threnetes ruckeri (Bourcier) 336 Genus 5. Aithurus Cabanis and Heine 338 Key to the Species of Aithurus 339 15. Aithurus polytmus (Linnæus) 339 16. Aithurus scitulus Brewster and Bangs 341 Genus 6. Hemistephania Reichenbach 342 17. Hemistephania veraguensis (Salvin) 343 Genus 7. Anthoscenus Richmond 344 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Anthoscenus 345 18. Anthoscenus longirostris longirostris ( Vieillot) 346 19. Anthoscenus longirostris pallidiceps (Gould) 349 20. Anthoscenus constantii constantii (Delattre) 350 21. Anthoscenus constantii leocadiæ (Bourcier) 352 Genus 8. Pampa Reichenbach 353 Key to the Subspecies of Pampa pampa 354 22. Pampa pampa pampa (Lesson) 354 23. Pampa pampa curvipennis (Lichtenstein) 355 Genus 9. Campylopterus Swainson 356 Key to the Species of Campylopterus 358 24. Campylopterus hemileucurus (Lichtenstein) 358 25. Campylopterus rufus Lesson 361 Genus 10. Phæochroa Gould 362 Key to the Species and subspecies of Phæochroa 363 26. Phæochroa cuvieri cuvieri (Delattre and Bourcier) 363 27. Phæochroa cuvieri saturatior (Hartert) 365 28. Phæochroa roberti (Salvin) 365 Genus 11. Phæoptila Gould 366 29. Phæoptila sordida Gould 367 Genus 12. Cynanthus Swainson 368 Key to the Species of Cynanthus 369 30. Cynanthus latirostris (Swainson) 370 31. Cynanthus lawrencei Berlepsch 373 32. Cynanthus doubledayi (Bourcier) 375 Genus 13. Basilinna Boie 377 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Basilinna 378 33. Basilinna leucotis leucotis (Vieillot) 38 34. Basilinna leucotis pygmæa Simon and Hellmayr 381 35. Basilinna xantusi (Lawrence) 382 Genus 14. Hylocharis Boie 384 36. Hylocharis eliciæ (Bourcier and Mulsant) 384 Genus 15. Chalybura Reichenbach 386 Key to the Species of Chalybura 387 37. Chalybura buffoni (Lesson) 388 38. Chalybura urochrysa (Gould) 390 39. Chalybura isauræ (Gould) 391 40. Chalybura melanorrhoa (Salvin) 392 - Page.
Genus 16. Eupherusa Gould 393 Key to the Species of Eupherusa 394 41. Eupherusa eximia eximia (Delattre) 394 42. Eupherusa eximia nelsoni Ridgway 396 43. Eupherusa egregia Sclater and Salvin 396 44. Eupherusa poliocerca Elliot 397 Genus 17. Callipharus Elliot 399 45. Callipharus nigriventris (Lawrence) 400 Genus 18. Elvira Mulsant and Verreaux 401 Key to the Species of Elvira 402 46. Elvira chionura (Gould) 402 47. Ehdra cupreiceps (Lawrence) 404 Genus 19. Amizilis Gray 405 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Amizilis 407 48. Amizilis tzacatl tzacatl (De la Llave) 408 49. Amizilis yucatanensis (Cabot) 412 50. Amizilis yucatanensis cerviniventris (Gould) 414 51. Amizilis yucatanensis chalconata Oberholser 415 52. Amizilis forreri Boucard 416 53. Amizilis rutila rutila (Delattre) 416 54. Amizilis rutila corallirostris (Bourcier and Mulsant) 419 55. Amizilis graysoni (Lawrence) 419 56. Amizilis bangsi Ridgway 420 57. Amizilis viridifrons (Elliot) 421 58. Amizilis verticalis (Lichtenstein) 422 59. Amizilis violiceps (Gould) 424 60. Amizilis cyanocephala cyanocephala (Lesson) 425 61. Amizilis cyanocephala guatemalensis (Gould) 427 62. Amizilis microrhyncha (Elliot) 428 63. Amizilis salvini (Brewster) 429 Genus 20. Agyrtria Reichenbach 430 Key to the Species of Agyrtria 431 64. Agyrtria candida (Bourcier and Mulsant) 432 65. Agyrtria luciæ (Lawrence) 434 Genus 21. Saucerottia Bonaparte 434 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Saucerottia 436 66. Saucerottia sophiæ sophiæ (Bourcier and Mulsant) 439 67. Saucerottia alfaroana (Underwood) 441 68. Saucerottia niveoventer (Gould) 441 69. Saucerottia edwardi (Delattre and Bourcier) 443 70. Saucerottia cyanura cyanura (Gould) 445 71. Saucerottia cyanura guatemalæ Dearborn 446 72. Saucerottia devillei (Bourcier and Mulsant) 447 73. Saucerottia beryllina beryllina (Lichtenstein) 449 74. Saucerottia beryllina viola (Miller) 451 75. Saucerottia sumichrasti (Salvin) 451 76. Saucerottia ocai (Gould) 452 Genus 22. Goldmania Nelson 452 77. Goldmania violiceps Nelson 453 Genus 23. Anthracothorax Boie 454 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Anthracothorax 455 78. Anthracothorax mango (Linnæus) 457 79. Anthracothorax nigricollis nigricollis (Vieillot) 459 Genus 23. Anthracothorax — Continued. Page. 80. Anthracothorax prevostii prevostii (Lesson) 463 81. Anthracothorax prevostii gracilirostris Ridgway 465 82. Anthracothorax prevostii hendersoni (Cory) 466 83. Anthracothorax veraguensis Reichenbach 467 84. Anthracothorax dominicus (Linnæus) 468 85. Anthracothorax aurulentus (Audebert and Vieillot) 470 86. Anthracothorax viridis (Audebert and Vieillot) 472 Genus 24. Sericotes Reichenbach 473 87. Sericotes holosericeus holosericeus (Linnaeus) 474 88. Sericotes holosericeus chlorolæmus (Gould) 476 Genus 25. Eulampis Boie 477 89. Eulampis jugularis (Linnæus) 478 Genus 26. Colibri Spix 480 Key to the Species of Colibri 481 90. Colibri thalassinus (Swainson) 482 91. Colibri cyanotus (Bourcier and Mulsant) 484 92. Colibri delphinæ (Lesson) 486 Genus 27. Lamprolaima Reichenbach 489 93. Lamprolaima rhami (Lesson) 489 Genus 28. Cyanolæmus Stone 491 94. Cyanolæmus clemenciæ (Lesson) 492 Genus 29. Lampornis Swainson 494 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Lampornis 495 95. Lampornis amethystinus amethystinus Swainson 496 96. Lampornis amethystinus brevirostris Swainson 497 97. Lampornis amethystinus salvini Ridgway 498 98. Lampornis margaritæ (Salvin and Godman) 499 99. Lampornis pringlei (Nelson) 500 Genus 30. Oreopyra Gould 501 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Oreopyra 502 100. Oreopyra castaneoventris castaneoventris (Gould) 502 101. Oreopyra castaneoventris calolæma (Salvin) 504 102. Oreopyra cinereicauda Lawrence 506 103. Oreopyra hemileuca Salvin 507 104. Oreopyra sybillæ (Salvin and Godman) 508 105. Oreopyra viridipallens (Bourcier and Mulsant) 509 Genus 31. Panterpe Cabanis and Heine 511 106. Panterpe insignis Cabanis and Heine 511 Genus 32. Klais Reichenbach 513 107. Klais guimeti (Bourcier and Mulsant) 514 Genus 33. Abeillia Bonaparte 516 108. Abeillia abeillei (Delattre and Lesson) 517 Genus 34. Damophila Reichenbach 518 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Damophila 519 109. Damophila juliæ juliæ (Bourcier) 519 110. Damophila panamensis Berlepsch 521 Genus 35. Polyerata Heine 522 Key to the Species of Polyerata 523 111. Polyerata amabilis (Gould) 523 112. Polyerata decora Salvin 525 Genus 36. Cyanophaia Reichenbach 526 Key to the Species of Cyanophaia 527 113. Cyanophaia bicolor (Gmelin) 529 - Page.
Genus 37. Thalurania Gould 530 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Thalurania 531 114. Thalurania colombica (Bourcier) 532 115. Thalurania colombica venusta (Gould) 534 116. Thalurania townsendi Ridgway 536 117. Thalurania ridgwayi Nelson 537 Genus 38. Lepidopyga Reichenbach 537 Key to the Species of Lepidopyga 538 118. Lepidopyga cæruleogularis (Gould) 539 119. Lepidopyga boucardi (Mulsant) 541 Genus 39. Riccordia Reichenbach 542 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Riccordia 542 120. Riccordia ricordii ricordii (Gervais) 543 121. Riccordia ricordii æneoviridis (Palmer and Riley) 544 122. Riccordia swainsonii (Lesson) 546 Genus 40. Chlorostilbon Gould 547 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Chlorostilbon 548 123. Chlorostilbon maugæi (Vieillot) 550 124. Chlorostilbon auriceps (Gould) 551 125. Chlorostilbon forficatus Ridgway 552 126. Chlorostilbon canivetii canivetii (Lesson) 553 127. Chlorostilbon canivetii osberti (Gould) 556 128. Chlorostilbon canivetii salvini (Gould) 557 129. Chlorostilbon assimilis Lawrence 558 130. Chlorostilbon caribaeus Lawrence 559 Genus 41. Heliothryx Boie 561 131. Heliothryx barroti (Bourcier and Mulsant) 562 Genus 42. Eugenes Gould 564 Key to the Species of Eugenes 565 132. Eugenes fulgens (Swainson) 565 133. Eugenes spectabilis (Lawrence) 568 Genus 43. Heliodoxa Gould 570 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Heliodoxa 571 134. Heliodoxa jacula henryi (Lawrence) 572 Genus 44. Florisuga Bonaparte 575 135. Florisuga mellivora (Linnæus) 576 Genus 45. Microchera Gould 580 Key to the Species of Microchera 581 136. Microchera albocoronata (Lawrence) 581 137. Microchera parvirostris (Lawrence) 582 Genus 46. Mellisuga Brisson 583 Key to the Species of Mellisuga 584 138. Mellisuga minima (Linnæus) 584 139. Mellisuga catharinæ (Sallé) 586 Genus 47. Stellula Gould 587 140. Stellula calliope (Gould) 588 Genus 48. Atthis Reichenbach 591 141. Atthis heloisa heloisa (Lesson and Delattre) 592 142. Atthis heloisa ellioti (Ridgway) 594 143. Atthis heloisa morcomi (Ridgway) 595 Genus 49. Selasphorus Swainson 595 Key to the Species of Selasphorus 596 144. Selasphorus platycercus (Swainson) 597 145. Selasphorus flammula Salvin 601 Genus 49. Selasphorus — Continued. Page. 146. Selasphorus torridus 602 147. Selasphorus ardens (Salvin) 604 148. Selasphorus simoni Carriker 606 149. Selasphorus scintilla (Gould) 607 150. Selasphorus alleni Henshaw 609 151. Selasphorus rufus (Gmelin) 612 152. Selasphorus floresii Gould 616 Genus 50. Calypte Gould 618 Key to the Species of Calypte 619 152. Calypte anna (Lesson) 619 153. Calypte costæ (Bourcier) 623 154. Calypte helenæ (Lembeye) 625 Genus 51. Archilochus Reichenbach 627 Key to the Species of Archilochus 628 155. Archilochus colubris (Linnaeus) 629 156. Archilochus alexandri (Bourcier and Mulsant) 633 157. Archilochus violajugulum (Jeffries) 636 Genus 52. Tilmatura Reichenbach 637 158. Tilmatura dupontii (Lesson) 638 Genus 53. Nesophlox Ridgway 639 Key to the Species of Nesophlox 640 159. Nesophlox evelynæ (Bourcier) 641 160. Nesophlox lyrura (Gould) 643 161. Nesophlox bryantæ (Lawrence) 645 Genus 54. Doricha Reichenbach 647 Key to the Species of Doricha 648 162. Doricha enicura (Vieillot) 648 163. Doricha eliza (Lesson and Delattre) 650 Genus 55. Calothorax Gray 651 Key to the Species of Calothorax 652 164. Calothorax lucifer (Swainson) 652 165. Calothorax pulcher (Gould) 655 Genus 56. Orthorhyncus Lacépède 656 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Orthorhyncus 657 166. Orthorhyncus exilis exilis (Gmelin) 658 167. Orthorhyncus exilis ornatus (Gould) 661 168. Orthorhyncus cristatus cristatus (Linnæus) 662 169. Orthorhyncus cristatus emigrans (Lawrence) 664 Genus 57. Chrysolampis Boie 665 170. Chrysolampis mosquitus (Linnæus) 666 Genus 58. Lophornis Lesson 669 Key to the Species of Lophornis 670 171. Lophornis delattrei (Lesson) 671 172. Lophornis helenæ (Delattre) 673 173. Lophornis adorabilis Salvin 675 Genus 59. Popelairia Reichenbach 676 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Popelairia 678 174. Popelairia conversii æquatorialis Berlepsch and Taczanowski 679 Superfamily Micropodii 681 Key to the Families of Micropodii 682 Family Micropodidæ 683 Key to the Genera of Micropodidæ 685 Genus 1. Aëronautes Hartert 687 1. Aëronautes melanoleucus (Baird) 687 - Page.
Genus 2. Panyptila Cabanis 690 Key to the Species of Panyptila 691 2. Panyptila cayanensis (Gmelin) 691 3. Panyptila sancti-hieronymi Salvin 692 Genus 3. Tachornis Gosse 693 Key to the Subspecies of Tachornis phœnicobia 693 4. Tachornis phœnicobia phœnicobia Gosse 694 5. Tachornis phœnicobia yradii (Lembeye) 695 Genus 4. Streptoprocne Oberholser 696 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Streptoprocne 697 6. Streptoprocne zonaris albicincta (Cabanis) 697 7. Streptoprocne zonaris mexicana Ridgway 700 8. Streptoprocne zonaris pallidifrons (Hartert) 701 9. Streptoprocne semicollaris (Saussure) 702 Genus 5. Nephœcetes Baird 703 Key to the Subspecies of Nephœcetes niger 704 10. Nephœcetes niger niger (Gmelin) 704 11. Nephœcetes niger jamaicensis Ridgway 705 12. Nephœcetes niger borealis (Kennerly) 707 13. Nephœcetes niger costaricensis Ridgway 710 Genus 6. Cypseloides Streubel 710 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Cypseloides 711 14. Cypseloides brunneitorques brunneitorques (Lafresnaye) 712 15. Cypseloides brunneitorques griseifrons Nelson 714 16. Cypseloides cherriei Ridgway 714 Genus 7. Chætura Stephens 714 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Chætura 715 17. Chætura pelagica (Linnæus) 717 18. Chætura richmondi Ridgway 719 19. Chætura gaumeri Lawrence 721 20. Chætura vauxii (Townsend) 722 21. Chætura acuta (Gmelin) 724 22. Chætura cinereiventris fumosa (Salvin) 725 23. Chætura cinereiventris lawrencei Ridgway 727 24. Chætura cinereiventris phæopygos Hellmayr 727 25. Chætura brachyura (Jardine) 728 Suborder Heterodactylæ 729 Family Trogonidæ 731 Key to the Genera of Trogonidæ 732 Genus 1. Pharomachrus De la Llave 733 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Pharomachrus 734 1. Pharomachrus mocinno mocinno De la Llave 736 2. Pharomachrus mocinno costaricensis (Cabanis) 739 Genus 2. Leptuas Cabanis and Heine 740 3. Leptuas neoxenus (Gould) 741 Genus 3. Curucujus Bonaparte 742 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Curucujus 743 4. Curucujus massena (Gould) 744 5. Curucujus melanurus macrourus (Gould) 747 6. Curucujus clathratus (Salvin) 749 Genus 4. Trogon Brisson 750 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Trogon 751 7. Trogon bairdii Lawrence 752 8. Trogon strigilatus chiohurus (Sclater and Salvin) 754 Genus 4. Trogon — Continued. Page. 9. Trogon melanocephalus melanocephalus Gould 756 10. Trogon melanocephalus illætabilis Bangs 759 11. Trogon citreolus Gould 759 Genus 5. Trogonurus Bonaparte 761 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Trogonurus 762 12. Trogonurus mexicanus (Swainson) 765 13. Trogonurus ambiguus ambiguus (Gould) 768 14. Trogonurus ambiguus goldmani (Nelson) 772 15. Trogonurus elegans (Gould) 773 16. Trogonurus puella (Gould) 775 17. Trogonurus aurantiiventris aurantiiventris (Gould) 778 18. Trogonurus aurantiiventris underwoodi (Bangs) 780 19. Trogon curucui tenellus (Cabanis) 781 Genus 6. Chrysotrogon Ridgway 784 Key to tbe Species and Subspecies of Cbrysotrogon 785 20. Chrysotrogon caligatus (Gould) 786 Genus 7 . Temnotrogon Bonaparte 790 21. Temnotrogon roseigaster (Vieillot) 791 Genus 8. Priotelus Gray 793 Key to the Subspecies of Priotelus temnurus 793 22. Priotelus temnurus temnurus (Temminck) 794 23. Priotelus temnurus vescus Bangs and Zappey 795
- ↑ Continued from Part IV, pp. 328-332.